Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CTL > muscle tissue > Flashcards

muscle tissue Flashcards

wk 5

1
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A

movement, heat production, protection and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the structure of Skeletal tissue?

A

Cylider shaped. striated multiple nuclei, voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the muscle fibres of skeletal muscle tissue.

A

Striated appearance (thick and thin), hundreds of myoblasts fused together= can hypertrophy and last long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the actions and structure of Cardiac muscle fibres.

A

Actions
allow action potnetial spread
cntrcations last longer than skeletal

structure
Connect via desmosomes and gap junctions
Contract as single unit
More mitochondria = larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does cardiac fibres connect?

A

gap junctions and desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does smooth fibres connect?

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the actions and structure of smooth msucle fibres

A

Actions

-allow action potentail spread

-contract as single unit

Structure

thick and thin filaments

(thin filamnets attach to dense bodies)

No regular pattern

No transverse tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the properties of muscles?

A

Contractibility, excitability, extensibility and elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the arrangment of fascicles affect?

A

power and range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of fascicular arrangements?

A

Parallel, fusiform, circular, triangular, unipennate, bipennate and multipennate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the general structure of skleteal muscle?

A

Contractile proteins –> myofilaments –> myofibrils –> muscle cells –> arranged in fascicles (or layers) –> whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three dense irregular connective tissue that allows muscles to communicate?

A

Epimysium, perimysium and endomysium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is epimysium and what does it do?

A

innermost dense irregular connective tissue. surrounds each individual muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is perimysium and what does it do?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds fascicles (fibres bound together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is endomysium and what does it do?

A

Outermost dense irregular connective tissue, covers muscles fibres, thinner and more delicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are muscle cells formed?

A

via the fusion of myoblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Can muscle fibres undergo cellular division?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Stores calcium and wrapas around EACH muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane that encloses each muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Smallest functional contractile unit of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the relationship between sarcomeres and myofibrils.

A

Myofibrils are a straited muscle organelle that is built up from sarcomeres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the myofilaments within myofibril?

A

actin- thin
myosin- thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of Z discs?

A

separate sarcomeres and anchor the thin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the sliding theory?
Contraction occurs by the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filaments – creating tension and producing muscle activation (contraction).
26
What is needed for muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine (ACh) Calcium ATP Action and myosin
27
Where is acetylcholine (ACh) released from?
motor neuron
28
Where is calcium released from?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
29
What is the first step of muscle contraction?
Nervse impulse stimulates ACh release ate neuromusclar junction. ACh binds to receptor
30
What is the second step of muscle contraction?
Action potential down Sarcolemma and T-Tubels
31
What is the third step of muscle contraction?
Ca released from Sarcoplasmic reticulum
32
What is the fourth step of muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to Troponin and removes block action f tropomyosin
33
What is the fifth step of muscle contraction?
Active site on actin exposed. myosin head binds and allows contraction
34
what are the components of a neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic bulb end Synaptic vesicles Motor end plate synaptic cleft ACh receptor Acetylchokinesterase (AChE)
35
What is a synaptic bulb end?
expanded end of neuron
36
What is a synaptic vescicle?
membrane bound sac filled with ACh
37
What is a motor end plate?
at end of sarcolemma that has folds and indentations to increase SA
38
what is a Synaptic cleft?
the narrow space that separates synaptic knob and motor end plate
39
Where are ACh receptors?
in motor end plate
40
What is Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
an enzyme that rapidly breaks down ACh
41
What does a neuromuscular junction do?
Stimulate skleteal muscle fibres to contract
42
What forms the synapse?
synaptic end bulb and sarcolemma
43
What is the small gap that separates synapse called?
synaptic cleft
44
What causes the influc of calcium?
nerve impulses
45
What does increases Ca stimulate?
release of ACh (synaptic vesiciles --> synaptic cleft)
46
What are the actions of the neurmuscular junction (4 steps)
1- ACh relased from synaptic vescile 2- ACh binds to ACh receptor on motor end plate 3-muscle action poetial propagates through sarcolemma and t-tubles 4- ACE breaks down ACh
47
What does does ACh bind?
ACh receptors in motor end plate of muscle fibres
48
What does the binding of ACh receptors cause?
opening of ion channels to allow Na to enter muscle
49
What does the precence of Na allow?
generation of action potential through sarcolemma and t-tubules
50
what muscle tissue is multinucleated and why?
Skeletal- developmental = cells merge together
51
where are the nuclei in skeletal muscle tissue and why?
Squished to. the side because there is a lot of myofibrail.
52
What joins two cells together?
intercalated disc
53
what is the function of smooth muscle and where is it?
Movement through organs. Walls of hallow organs, conducting organs, intestines, stomach and urinary bladder
54
What type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis?
smooth muscle
55
what are the three layers in the mucosa?
Epithelium, lamina propria (loose aerolar) and muscularis mucosae (smooth)
56
What are the three components of muscularis external?
larger muscles, outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer
57
What are the connective tissues in cardiac fibres?
endomysium and perimysium
58
what are the connective tissues in skeletal fibres?
epimysium, perimysium and endomysium
59
what is the connective tissue in smooth muscle fibres?
endomysium
60
Where are fascicles and what is it wrapped up by?
Within the muscle - perimysium
61
what is the name of the organelle that allows muscles to contract?
myofibril
62
What is the contracting unit?
the sarcomere
63
What does the Z disc attached to?
thin filaments (actin)
64
What does the M line attach to?
thick filaments (myosin)
65
What does the M line do?
anchors thick filaments
66
relate cardiac structure to function?
Lots of sarcomeres - contract as single units (not whole units) and passes rapid electrical impulses via the gap junctions
67
relate the structure to the function of skeletal muscle.
straied= greater length for contraction and multiple nuclei allow to contract as one whole unit (not use gap junctions)
68
what is the function of the epimysium?
protects muscles from friction against other muscles and fibres
69
What is the function of perimysium?
adds to the resistance of muscle to tensile forces
70
What is the function of endomysium?
separates single muscle fibres from one another
71
what is a fascicle?
Bundle of muscle fibres wrapped in perimysium.
72
How does skeletal muscle fibres become multinucleated?
fusion of myoblasts
73
What is the basic cellular unit of skeletal muscle called a fibre?
because they are long a cylindrical
74
What muscle tissue type does not have any sacromeres?
smooth tissue. Allows for slow rhythmic contractions
75
describe the structure of musce fibre cell.
Long cylindrical cell covered by endomysium and sarcolemma; contains sarcoplasm, myofibrils, many peripherally located nuclei, mitochondria, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and terminal cisterns. The fibre has a striated appearance.
76
Where are the mitochondria located in the skeletal tissue located?
close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
77
why does the straited appearance in skeletal muscle fibres occur?
precise alignment of myofilaments within the cells organised into myofibrils.
78
what are the major types of myofilaments within skeletal muscle cells?
Actin (thin) and mysoin (thick)
79
What is the first step of sliding filament theory?
Action potential crosses neuromuscular junction -muscle cell depolarises -wave through sarcolemma -spreads down t-tubels into sarcoplasmic reticulum
80
What is the second step of sliding filament theory?
Calcium channel opens -Sacroplasmic reticulum stores calcium -depolarisation releases Ca into sarcoplasm
81
what is the third step of the sliding filament theory
Ca unlocks tropin and releases the tropomyosin to change the shape of the protein and allow the Myosin head to attach to the actin.
82
What is the fourth step of the sliding filament theory?
ATP converts to ADP and Pi
83
what is the fifth step of the sliding filament theory?
Power Stroke- ATP releases energy to change the angle of the myosin head Actin slides over the myosin sarcomere compacted and muscle contracts
84
What is the 6th and 7th step
Actin-myosin bridge breaks - ATP binds and it all repeats
85
What is the function of actin?
mechanical support, determines cell shape and allows movement
86
What is the function of myosin?
converts chemical energy in the form of ATP to mechanical energy, thus generating force and movement.
87
What are the two regulatory proteins?
Tropomyosin Troponin
88
What are the functions of tropomysin?
component of thin filament; when skeletal muscle fibre is relaxed, tropomyosin covers myosin- binding sites on actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin.
89
whis the function of troponin?
omponent of thin filament; when calcium ions (Ca21) bind to troponin, it changes shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away
90
What is titan and its function?
structural protein- connects Z disc to M line of sarcomere, thereby helping to stabilise thick filament position; can stretch and then spring back unharmed,
91
what is Dystrophin and what is its functions?
structural protein - links thin filaments of sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in sarcolemma, help reinforce sarcolemma and help transmit tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.
92
Why don't smooth muscle cells appear to be straited and what is the arrangement of the contractile elements?
thick and thin filaments don't arrange in sarcomeres
93
Describe the interactions between the I band and A band of the sarcomere.
The A band slides along the I band and interacts with myosin and actin to allow for the muscle to contract.
94
Why does the A band overlap?
allows the globular heads of myosin can reach up and bind

CTL (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions