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medical terminology > nervous system ch12 > Flashcards

nervous system ch12 Flashcards

1
Q

axon

A

fiber carries impulses along the nerve cell

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2
Q

cell body

A

contains nucleus, -soma, maintains life of neuron

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3
Q

ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies

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4
Q

dendrites

A

branching structures that receive impulses or stimulus, first part

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5
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue around axon, protects and insulates axon

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6
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps

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7
Q

synapse

A

space between neurons impulse passes, neurotransmitter

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8
Q

terminal end fibers

A

distal portion of neuron impulse leaves

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9
Q

acetylcholine

A

dream sleep and muscles to contract

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10
Q

dopamine

A

firing of nerve cells helps relax

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11
Q

endorphins

A

reducing pain for pleasure natural morphine

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12
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone acts as a neurotransmitter to increase heart rate and blood pressure

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13
Q

norepinephrine

A

causes vasoconstriction, increase heart rate and BP, noradrenaline

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14
Q

serotonin

A

relaxation, stress and behavioral disorders when decreased

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15
Q

astroglial cells

A

astrocytes, transport electrolytes and water between capillaries and neurons help form BBB

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16
Q

microglial cells

A

phagocytic cells which protect nervous system from infection

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17
Q

oligodendroglial cells

A

cells form the myelin around axon

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18
Q

ependymal cells

A

cells lines ventricles of the brain and surround the spinal cord, produce cerebrospinal fluid

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19
Q

schwann cells

A

dual action cells form myelin and acts as phagocytes against foreign organisms

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20
Q

neuron

A

individual nerve cell, basic unit

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21
Q

nerve

A

one or more bundles of impulse carrying fiber

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22
Q

plexus

A

network of nerves

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23
Q

function of nervous system

A

carries messages in the body, controls and coordinates activity, voluntary and involuntary

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24
Q

types

A

sensory, associative, motor

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25
sensory
afferent
26
associative
connecting
27
motor
efferent
28
receptors
parts of NS receive external stimuli
29
nonreceptive
pain receptors
30
proproreceptor
special orientation receptors
31
stimulus
something that excites or activates
32
reflex
automatic involuntary response to a stimulus
33
neuroglial cells
supporting
34
myelinated
white matter
35
meninx, meninges
3 layers covering of brain and spinal cord, protects and nourishes
36
cerebral spinal fluid
CSF nourishes, cools, cushions CNS produced by ventricles of brain
37
dura mater
tough outermost layer of meninges, blood can enter brain through this layer
38
arachnoid membrane
middle layer of meninges, arachnoid mater
39
pia mater
innermost delicate layer of meninges adheres to brain and spinal cord, soft
40
epidural space
space above the dura matter
41
subdural space
space below the dura mater
42
subarachnoid space
space below the subarachnoid membrane where cerebrospinal fluid can be found
43
central nervous system
CNS brain and spinal cord
44
peripheral nervous system
PNS, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system
45
cranial nerves
attached to brain pass through skull to structures in the head and neck
46
spinal nerves
carry nervous impulses between spinal cord and the rest of the body
47
I. olfactory
smell
48
II. optic
vision
49
III. oculomotor
movement of eyes
50
IV. trochlear
movement of eyes
51
V. trigeminal
three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
52
VI. abducens
movement of eyes
53
VII. facial
movement of face, taste
54
VIII. vestibulocochlear
hearing and balance
55
IX. glossopharyngeal
tongue taste throat movement
56
X. vagus
throat voice box chest movement abdominal sensations
57
XI. accessory
neck and shoulder movement also know ans spinal accessory nerve
58
XII. hypoglossal
tongue movement
59
autonomic nervous system
ANS nerves that control involuntary functions of muscles glands and viscera
60
blood brain barrier
BBB, capillaries that allow certain substances to the brain while keeping other substances out
61
cerebral cortex
outermost section of cerebrum
62
cerebrum
larges part of the brain responsible for voluntary , speech, vision, hearing, thought, memory, taste
63
cerebellum
second largest part of the brain, balance and coordination
64
conscious
awake alert aware responsive
65
medulla oblongata
stem like of the brain-stem connecting brain to spinal cord essential life function, breathing heart and BP
66
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released from a neuron to stimulate or inhibit another nerve or target cell
67
parasympathetic nervous system
portion of autonomic nervous system normal body functions, HR and RR
68
peripheral nervous system
portion of nervous system consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves and autonomic nervous system
69
ventricles of the brain
spaces in the interbrain contains CSF
70
cerebrum
largest part of brain
71
gyri
folds
72
sulei
groove
73
brainstem
connects brain to spinal cord
74
midbrain
visual and auditory reflexes posture muscle control
75
interbrain
pituitary hypothalamus thalamus
76
pons
bridge allows nerve from cerebrum to talk to cerebellum
77
cauda equina
looks like a horse tail
78
levels of consciousness
BAR, conscious, disoriented, lethargy, obtunded, stupor comatose
79
catalepsy
muscle rigidity and trance like state
80
aneurysm
localized widening of a blood vessel
81
ataxia
lack of coordination
82
concussion
violent shaking of the brain
83
contusion
a bruise without breaking the skin
84
computed tomography
CT, cat scan, radiographic imaging showing computerized cross section of brain and spinal cord
85
contraindication
any condition that renders a particular treatment undesireable
86
epilepsy
idiopathic brain disorder, seizures
87
lethargy
condition of drowsiness or indifference
88
magnetic resonance image
MRI, radiographic imaging showing 3D image of brain
89
myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of skeletal muscles
90
narcolepsy
condition of sudden uncontrollable sleep episodes
91
paralysis
loss of motor functions, palsy
92
positron emission tomography
PET, radiographic imaging, injection of dye
93
seizure
sudden involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles, also called convulsions, grand mal or tonic clonic
94
spasticity
increased muscle tone
95
stupor
partial unconsciousness and decreased response to stimuli
96
syncope
fainting
97
tremor
repetitive twitching of skeletal muscles
98
vestibular disease
idiopathic neurological disorder characterized by head tilt, circling and rapid back and forth movement of eyes

medical terminology (20 decks)

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