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medical terminology > musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage covering surfaces of bones at joints

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2
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy ends of long bones

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3
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation

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4
Q

calcium

A

hard material found in bones and teeth

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5
Q

compact bone

A

hard dense bone tissue forms outer layer

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6
Q

osteoclast

A

bone cell absorbs and removes tissue

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7
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell forms tissue immature bone cell

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8
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

bone joints ligaments tendons muscles; movement protection support storage body temp cell formation

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9
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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10
Q

collagen

A

structural protein white fibrous strands

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11
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

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12
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

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13
Q

endosteum

A

inner lining of medullary cavity

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14
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate

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15
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of long bone

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16
Q

medullary cavity

A

central hollowed out portion in shaft; yellow marrow

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17
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of long bone between epiphyseal and diaphysis

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18
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bone contains blood vessels and nerves

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19
Q

red bone marrow

A

found in cancellous bone site of hematopolesis

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20
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

found in diaphysis fatty tissue

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21
Q

tonus

A

muscle tone balanced muscle tension

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22
Q

tetany

A

continuous muscle spasm tetanus

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23
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

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24
Q

myotonia

A

disorder a delayed relax after contration

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25
Q

myoclonus

A

repetitive contractions persist in sleeping dogs with distemper

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26
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

syndrome of muscular weakness aggravated with activity

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27
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

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28
Q

laxity

A

looseness

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29
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development due to decrease cell numbers

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30
Q

hypertrophy

A

excessive development to increase cell size

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31
Q

hyperplasia

A

increased development due to increase in cell numbers

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32
Q

dystrophy

A

bad muscle

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33
Q

atrophy

A

no development to do decrease from normal cell size

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34
Q

ambulatory

A

able to walk

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35
Q

adhesion

A

connects 2 surfaces that are normally seperate

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36
Q

os cordis

A

bone found in heart of ruminants; cows

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37
Q

os rostri

A

bone found in nose of pig

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38
Q

os penis

A

bone found in penis of carnivores

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39
Q

zygomatic bones

A

bones forming hard of cheek and lower eye orbit

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40
Q

maxillary bones

A

2 idendical bones forms upper jaw

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41
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated involuntarty

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42
Q

fascia

A

fibrous connective tissue envelopes separates and supports muscles

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43
Q

mandibular bones

A

horseshoe shaped bone forming lower jaw

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44
Q

horse vertebrae

A

C7 T18 L6 S5 C715-21

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45
Q

cat and dog vertebrae

A

C7 T13 L7 S3 CY3-24

46
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

front and rear limbs, pelvis and scapula

47
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull vertebrae ribs sternum

48
Q

tuberosity

A

small roughened process on bone end

49
Q

tubercle

A

rounded process on many bones for attachement of muscles and tendons

50
Q

trochanter

A

lg blunt roughened process on femur for attachement of muscles and tendons

51
Q

sinus

A

hollow space or cavity in bone

52
Q

groove

A

narrow linear depression; sulcus

53
Q

fossa

A

shallow cavity or depression in bone

54
Q

foramen

A

hole in bone for nerves and vessels to go through

55
Q

crest

A

high projection or border of bone; wing of illium

56
Q

condyle

A

knuckle like projection at distal end of long bones

57
Q

acetabulum

A

cup like depression in pelvis; creates hip joint

58
Q

bone head

A

rounded process separated from shaft covered with articular cartilage

59
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae

60
Q

sesamoid bones

A

small embedded in tendons; patells

61
Q

flat bones

A

flat and thin; 2 sheets of compact bone

62
Q

short bones

A

cuboidal cube shapes; carpals tarsals

63
Q

long bone

A

long and wide; femur

64
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of part of vertebra arch

65
Q

kyphosis

A

dorsal curvature hunchback

66
Q

immobilization

A

act of preventing bones form being moved

67
Q

herniation of IVD

A

abnormal protrusion of IVD into spinal nerves

68
Q

fracture

A

sudden break of a bone

69
Q

olecranon

A

bony process t proximal end of ulna; elbow

70
Q

visceral muscles

A

smooth involuntary functions of organs

71
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated voluntary muscle

72
Q

sequestrum

A

piece of dead bone tissue separated from healthy bone tissue

73
Q

reduction

A

correction of a fracture

74
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease bone density

75
Q

orthopedic

A

branch of surgery deals with skeletal system

76
Q

lordosis

A

ventral curvature in spine, daschund

77
Q

atlantoccipital joint

A

between atlas and occipitial bone; yes joint

78
Q

callus

A

bone deposit formed at ends of bone fracture

79
Q

calcification

A

deposits of calcium salts in tissue

80
Q

amputaion

A

removal of a limb

81
Q

achondroplasia

A

limbs fail to grow normal; dwarfism; basset hounds

82
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

between atlas and axis; no joint

83
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of bone from it joint

84
Q

decalcification

A

loss of calcium in bones and teeth

85
Q

crepitaion

A

cracking sound

86
Q

chemonucleolysis

A

procedure to dissolve portion of center of IVD

87
Q

carpus

A

carpal bones

88
Q

coxofemoral joint

A

pelvis and femur meet; hip

89
Q

femoraltibial joint

A

femur and tibia meet; stifle called meniscus

90
Q

humeroradioulnar joint

A

humerus and ulna meet; elbow

91
Q

ball and socket

A

head fits in a socket; spheroid joint

92
Q

synarthroses joint

A

immovable joints

93
Q

amphiarthroses joints

A

partially movable joint

94
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

95
Q

gliding joint

A

flat gliding motion; carpus; arthroidal joints

96
Q

hinge joints

A

movement in one plane(direction) door hinge; elbow stifle

97
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

between sacrum and ilium

98
Q

scapulohumeral joint

A

scapula and humerus meet; shoulder

99
Q

tarsus

A

tarsal bones; hock

100
Q

pivot

A

pully shaped; trochoid joint

101
Q

saddle

A

only in humans, concave shape; in thumb

102
Q

articulation

A

2 or more bones come together

103
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near joints and acts as a lube; plural is bursae

104
Q

meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage cushining knee

105
Q

ligament

A

connective tissue binds bone to bone

106
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint contains fluid

107
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous/sticky fluid within cavity lubes

108
Q

synovial joint

A

free moving joint

109
Q

synovial membrane

A

membrane lining cavity produces fluid

110
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue binds muscle to bone

medical terminology (20 decks)

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