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medical terminology > endocrine system ch10 > Flashcards

endocrine system ch10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

glands

A

organ or structure secretes a substance

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2
Q

hormones

A

chemicals released by a cell in one part of body, sends message

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3
Q

endocrine glands

A

ductless glands release hormones into blood stream

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4
Q

exocrine

A

have ducts, secretes to outside the body

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5
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland, known as hypophysis, located below hypothalamus(tells what to do)

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6
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

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7
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

OT, ADH

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in neck ventral to trachea, thyroxine calcitonin triiodothyronine radioactive iodine

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9
Q

parathyroid gland

A

near thyroid PTH bones to blood stream

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10
Q

adrenal gland

A

top of kidneys (hat) made up of cortex and medulla

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11
Q

adrenal cotex

A

outer section, secretes corticosteroids

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12
Q

medulla

A

inner section secretes catecholamines

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13
Q

pancreas

A

boomerang below stomach, insulin, glucagon, blood glucose,

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14
Q

insolinoma

A

tumor of pancreas, too much insulin, low blood sugar

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15
Q

thymus

A

T cells lower than thyroid

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16
Q

pineal gland

A

brain, melatonin, biological clock, sleep better

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17
Q

gonads

A

testes ovaries

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18
Q

aldosterone

A

adrenal corte, controls sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

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19
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid gland to regulate calcium levels

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20
Q

catecholamines

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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21
Q

corticosteroids

A

cortex, steroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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22
Q

cortisol

A

cortex, stress, increases blood sugar

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23
Q

electrolytes

A

functioning of cells, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium

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24
Q

epinephrine

A

medulla, increase blood pressure, hr, bg, adrenaline

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25
Q

estrogen

A

ovaries, female sex characteristics

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26
Q

glucagon

A

pancreas to increase BS

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27
Q

glucocorticoids

A

regulate metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins, anti-inflammatory, cortisol

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28
Q

homeostasis

A

equilibrium of bodys internal environment

29
Q

hormone

A

chemical messengers, lock and key, bind to sites on other organs to trigger an action

30
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the pancreas to decrease blood sugar

31
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

corticosteroids produced by adrenal medulla to promote vasoconstriction,increase blood pressure, increase heart rate

32
Q

ovaries

A

female sex organs estrogen and progesterone

33
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone produced by the posterior pituitary to stimulate uterus and secrete milk

34
Q

pancreas

A

endocrine gland that secretes insulin and glucagon

35
Q

parathyroid gland

A

4 small endocrine glans on posterior aspect of thyroid to regulate calcium

36
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of brain, master gland

37
Q

progesterone

A

ovaries protect embryo and stimulate lactation

38
Q

testes

A

male gonads produce spermatozoa and testosterone

39
Q

testosterone

A

hormone produced by testes, male sex characteristics

40
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland, largest storage of iodine

41
Q

thyroxine

A

T4 thyroid, regulate metabolism, tetraiodothyronine

42
Q

triiodothyronine

A

T3 thyroid, regulate metabolism

43
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

ACTH, anterior pituitary stimulates adrenal cortex

44
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

ADT, posterior pituitary controls re absorption of water by kidneys

45
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

FSH, pituitary to stimulate maturation of ovum

46
Q

growth hormone

A

GH, anterior pituitary to stimulate growth of bones and tissues, somatotropin

47
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

LH, anterior pituitary to promote ovulation

48
Q

parathormone

A

PTH, parathyroid to regulate calcium and posphorus

49
Q

prolactin

A

PRL, anterior pituitary stimulates milk secretion

50
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

TSH, anterior stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

51
Q

dexamethasone suppression test

A

test to measure bodys response to dexamethasone injection to diagnose cushings disease and its cause

52
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

DI lack of ADH secretion

53
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

DM lack of insulin or resistance to

54
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

DKA low blood pH due to build up of ketones in diabetics

55
Q

hyperadrenocorticism

A

excessive cortisol produced by adrenal cortex, cushings disease

56
Q

hypoadrenocorticism

A

lack of cortisol adrenal cortex addisons disease

57
Q

hyper/hypocrinism

A

condition of excessive/low secretion from a gland

58
Q

hyper/hypogonadism

A

excessive/low gonad hormone secretion

59
Q

hyper/hypoinsulinism

A

excessive/low insulin secretion from pancreas

60
Q

hyper/hypoparathyroidism

A

excessive/low secretion of parathormone

61
Q

hyper/hypopituitarism

A

excessive/low secretion from pituitary gland

62
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive symptoms are hyperactivity weightloss increased appetite. cats

63
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficient symptoms include lethargy weight gain hair coat changes. dogs

64
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor on pancreas causing excessive secretion of insulin. ferrets

65
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

hypopituitarism due to absence of all pituitary gland

66
Q

pheocromocytoma

A

tumor in adrenal medulla causing secretion of catecholamines. dogs cattle

67
Q

pituitarism

A

any disorder of pitutiary

68
Q

T3 suppression test

A

administration of T3 to diagnose borderline hyperthyroidism

69
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

excessive life threatening amounts of thyroid hormones

medical terminology (20 decks)

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