endocrine system ch10 Flashcards by Dani S

glands

organ or structure secretes a substance

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hormones

chemicals released by a cell in one part of body, sends message

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endocrine glands

ductless glands release hormones into blood stream

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exocrine

have ducts, secretes to outside the body

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pituitary gland

master gland, known as hypophysis, located below hypothalamus(tells what to do)

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anterior pituitary hormones

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

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posterior pituitary hormones

OT, ADH

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thyroid gland

located in neck ventral to trachea, thyroxine calcitonin triiodothyronine radioactive iodine

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parathyroid gland

near thyroid PTH bones to blood stream

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adrenal gland

top of kidneys (hat) made up of cortex and medulla

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adrenal cotex

outer section, secretes corticosteroids

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medulla

inner section secretes catecholamines

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pancreas

boomerang below stomach, insulin, glucagon, blood glucose,

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insolinoma

tumor of pancreas, too much insulin, low blood sugar

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thymus

T cells lower than thyroid

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pineal gland

brain, melatonin, biological clock, sleep better

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gonads

testes ovaries

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aldosterone

adrenal corte, controls sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

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calcitonin

thyroid gland to regulate calcium levels

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catecholamines

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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corticosteroids

cortex, steroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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cortisol

cortex, stress, increases blood sugar

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electrolytes

functioning of cells, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium

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epinephrine

medulla, increase blood pressure, hr, bg, adrenaline

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estrogen

ovaries, female sex characteristics

glucagon

pancreas to increase BS

glucocorticoids

regulate metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins, anti-inflammatory, cortisol

homeostasis

equilibrium of bodys internal environment

hormone

chemical messengers, lock and key, bind to sites on other organs to trigger an action

insulin

hormone produced by the pancreas to decrease blood sugar

mineralocorticoid

corticosteroids produced by adrenal medulla to promote vasoconstriction,increase blood pressure, increase heart rate

ovaries

female sex organs estrogen and progesterone

oxytocin

hormone produced by the posterior pituitary to stimulate uterus and secrete milk

pancreas

endocrine gland that secretes insulin and glucagon

parathyroid gland

4 small endocrine glans on posterior aspect of thyroid to regulate calcium

pituitary gland

endocrine gland at the base of brain, master gland

progesterone

ovaries protect embryo and stimulate lactation

testes

male gonads produce spermatozoa and testosterone

testosterone

hormone produced by testes, male sex characteristics

thyroid gland

endocrine gland, largest storage of iodine

thyroxine

T4 thyroid, regulate metabolism, tetraiodothyronine

triiodothyronine

T3 thyroid, regulate metabolism

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH, anterior pituitary stimulates adrenal cortex

antidiuretic hormone

ADT, posterior pituitary controls re absorption of water by kidneys

follicle stimulating hormone

FSH, pituitary to stimulate maturation of ovum

growth hormone

GH, anterior pituitary to stimulate growth of bones and tissues, somatotropin

luteinizing hormone

LH, anterior pituitary to promote ovulation

parathormone

PTH, parathyroid to regulate calcium and posphorus

prolactin

PRL, anterior pituitary stimulates milk secretion

thyroid stimulating hormone

TSH, anterior stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

dexamethasone suppression test

test to measure bodys response to dexamethasone injection to diagnose cushings disease and its cause

diabetes insipidus

DI lack of ADH secretion

diabetes mellitus

DM lack of insulin or resistance to

diabetic ketoacidosis

DKA low blood pH due to build up of ketones in diabetics

hyperadrenocorticism

excessive cortisol produced by adrenal cortex, cushings disease

hypoadrenocorticism

lack of cortisol adrenal cortex addisons disease

hyper/hypocrinism

condition of excessive/low secretion from a gland

hyper/hypogonadism

excessive/low gonad hormone secretion

hyper/hypoinsulinism

excessive/low insulin secretion from pancreas

hyper/hypoparathyroidism

excessive/low secretion of parathormone

hyper/hypopituitarism

excessive/low secretion from pituitary gland

hyperthyroidism

excessive symptoms are hyperactivity weightloss increased appetite. cats

hypothyroidism

deficient symptoms include lethargy weight gain hair coat changes. dogs

insulinoma

tumor on pancreas causing excessive secretion of insulin. ferrets

panhypopituitarism

hypopituitarism due to absence of all pituitary gland

pheocromocytoma

tumor in adrenal medulla causing secretion of catecholamines. dogs cattle

pituitarism

any disorder of pitutiary

T3 suppression test

administration of T3 to diagnose borderline hyperthyroidism

thyrotoxicosis

excessive life threatening amounts of thyroid hormones