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medical terminology > gastrointestinal tract ch4 > Flashcards

gastrointestinal tract ch4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Other names

A

Digestive system; canal

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2
Q

Functions

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorbtion, elimination

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3
Q

Ingestion

A

Intake food

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Break down

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5
Q

Absorbtion

A

Passage of materials through walls of intestines into blood

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6
Q

Elimination

A

Discharge matter, waste

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7
Q

Herbivore

A

Plant eater

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8
Q

Carnivore

A

Meat eater

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats plants and meat

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10
Q

Structures of mouth

A

Cheek, lips, hard soft palate, tounge, papillae, teeth

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11
Q

Decidous

A

Baby teeth

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12
Q

Incisor

A

I, shearing, grooming, to cut

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13
Q

Canine

A

C, fangs, tearing, killing, are tapered

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14
Q

Premolar

A

P, PM, tearing and grinding

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15
Q

Molar

A

M, grinding

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16
Q

Dog teeth formula

A

2 [I 3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2/3]=42

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17
Q

Cat teeth formula

A

2 [I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1]=30

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18
Q

Horse teeth formula

A

2 [I 3/3, C 1/1, P3-4/3, M 3/3]=40-42

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19
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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20
Q

deglutition

A

Swallowing

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21
Q

Monogastric

A

One stomach, humans, dogs, cats, horse, pigs

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22
Q

Ruminants stomache

A

Cows, sheep, goats, lamas

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23
Q

Omentum

A

A fold of peritoneum extending from stomach to adjacent abdominal organs, acts like a bandage

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24
Q

Dental calculus

A

Dental tartar

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25
Q

Epulis

A

Benign tumor arising from peridot all mucous membranes

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26
Q

Gingivitis hyperplasia

A

Excessive development of gums due to increased cell numbeds

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27
Q

malocclusion

A

abnormal position of teeth that results in faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws

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28
Q

oronasal fistula

A

abnormal tubelike passageway between mouth and nose

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29
Q

salivary glands

A

glands around the mouth that secrete saliva

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30
Q

ruminants eating process

A

regurgitation remastication resalivation redeglutition

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31
Q

stomach parts

A

body cardiac sphincter fundus pyloric sphincter pylorus rugae

32
Q

rugae

A

ridges on hard palate and in stomach to increase surface area

33
Q

rumen

A

largest part of ruminant stomach, fermentation happens

34
Q

reticulum

A

cranial portion of ruminants stomach, honeycomb, smaller food particles collected and sent to somasum

35
Q

omasum

A

smallest portion of ruminants stomach resembles a book, absorption

36
Q

abomasum

A

final part of ruminants stomach, true stomach, break down of food

37
Q

small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, villi

38
Q

duodenum

A

food enters, the pancreas releases enzymes to digest food, simultaneously liver and gall bladder send bile to help; proximal

39
Q

jejunum

A

middle; after absorbed remaining material passes

40
Q

ileum

A

distal; processed food passes through

41
Q

masentery

A

contains blood vessels, lymph nodes, nerves; anchored to abdominal wall by this membranous sheet, prevents entangling

42
Q

large intestines

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, rectum, anus

43
Q

cecum

A

small blind sac where small and large intestines meet, fermentation happens

44
Q

liver

A

largest organ, caudal to diaphragm

45
Q

functions of liver

A 
synthesizes/ produces bile
maintains blood sugar by storing sugars
produces proteins
conjugates bilirubin
detoxifies blood
metabolizes drugs
produces cholesterol
46
Q

bile

A

composes of bilirubin cholesterol and bile acids or salts, travels from liver to gallbladder to be stored, assists in digestion

47
Q

bilirubin

A

metabolite of hemoglobin breakdown, gives feces color, if it doesnt leave body=jaundice

48
Q

pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juices filled with digestive enzymes, next to duodenum, endo/exocrine organ, chewing gum, produces amylase lipase and trypsin

49
Q

amylase

A

break down of starch

50
Q

lipase

A

produced to digest fat

51
Q

trypsin

A

digests protein

52
Q

flatulence

A

presence of gas in stomach and intestines

53
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two tubes

54
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

55
Q

ascites

A

hydrops, abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen

56
Q

atresia

A

closure of normal body opening

57
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling noises caused by movement of gas

58
Q

cachexia

A

general ill health and malnutrition, cancer

59
Q

cirrhosis

A

degenerative disease in which liver cells are replaced with scar tissue

60
Q

colic

A

acute abdominal pain

61
Q

emaciation

A

wasting or excessive leanness

62
Q

eructation

A

gas expelled out of mouth, belch

63
Q

gavage

A

forced feeding through tube

64
Q

ileus

A

failure of peristalsis with obstruction of intestines

65
Q

ncontinence

A

inability to control

66
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of intestines

67
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing

68
Q

lethargy

A

drowsiness or indifference

69
Q

melena

A

black tarry stool, blood in feces

70
Q

obstruction

A

complete stoppage of impairment of passage

71
Q

pica

A

eating or licking abnormal substances, a depraved appetite

72
Q

scours

A

diarrhea in livestock

73
Q

shunt

A

to bypass or divert

74
Q

stasis

A

stopping or controlling

75
Q

torsion

A

axial twist, twisting around the long axis of the gass

76
Q

trichobezoar

A

hairball

77
Q

volvulus

A

twisting on itself

medical terminology (20 decks)

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