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Gross Anatomy > nervous system book > Flashcards

nervous system book Flashcards

0
Q

the peripheral nervous system is made of what

A

the nerve fivers and the cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from CNS

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1
Q

The central nervous system is made of what

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

the somatic nervous system is for what

A

voluntary sensation, afferent toward the CNS

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3
Q

automatic nervous system does what

A

involuntary visceral nervous system that carries impulses from the CNS efferent

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4
Q

neurons are what

A

nerve cells functional units of the nervous system

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5
Q

a neuron is composed of

A

a cell body
dendrites (extensions)
axon

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6
Q

dendrites carry impulses _____ the cell body

A

toward

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7
Q

axons carry impulses ______ away from the cell body

A

away

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8
Q

myelin

A

layers of lipid and protein

increases speed of impulses

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9
Q

neuroglia

A

glial cells or glia
support, insulate, and nourish neurons
nonexcitable cells

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10
Q

nucleus

A

collection of neural cells in the CNS

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11
Q

tract

A

bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting nuclei of the CNS

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12
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies of nerves are here

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13
Q

white matter

A

interconnecting fiber tract systems

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14
Q

gray horns

A

posterior and anterior

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15
Q

3 layers of membrane that constitute the meninges

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

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16
Q

pia mater

A

innermost layer

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17
Q

csf located

A

between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater in the subarachnoid space

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18
Q

epidural space

A

fat filled area that seperates the dura mater from the spinal cord

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19
Q

astrocytes

A

glial cells that stop the regeneration of the nervous tissue

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20
Q

peripheral nerves consist of

A

bundles of nerve fibers, their connective tissue coverings, and their blood vessels

21
Q

a nerve fiber consists of

A

axon
neurolemma
cell membrane of schwann cells
endoneurium

22
Q

myelinated nerve fibers

A

myelin sheath wrapped single axon

23
Q

unmyelinated

A

multiple axons

most skin neurons

24
Q

nerve coverings

A

endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium

25
Q

perineurium

A

dense CT

26
Q

epineurium

A

thick CT includes fatty tissues blood vessels and lymphatics

27
Q

ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

28
Q

peripheral nerves are either ____ or ______

A

cranial or spinal

29
Q

there are ____ pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

30
Q

____ of the ____ number of cranial nerves arises from the brain

A

11 of 12

31
Q

CN XI arises from

A

superior part of the spinal cord

32
Q

all CNs exit the cranial cavity through the

A

foramina in the cranium

33
Q

there are ___ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

34
Q 
number of spinal nerves per region 
cervical \_\_\_ 
Thoracic\_\_\_
lumbar\_\_\_\_ 
sacral\_\_\_ 
coccygeal\_\_\_\_
A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
35
Q

spinal nerves arise from

A

nerve rootlets

36
Q

nerve rootlets join to form

A

nerve roots

37
Q

the anterior root consists of _______ fibers

A

motor ( efferent)

38
Q

posterior roots are ___

A

afferent sensory

39
Q

posterior rami

A

supply nerves to synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, and overlying skin

40
Q

the anterior rami

A

supply nerves to the anterior and lateral regions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs

41
Q

sympatheic (thoracolumbar) nervous system does what

A

catabolic reactions that prepare your fight or flight

42
Q

parasympathetic (craniosacral) nervous system does what

A

anabolic reactions that conserve energy

43
Q

the presynaptic neuron is located where

A

the gray matter of the CNS

44
Q

the second neurons ( the postsynaptic ) neurons are where

A

the autonomic ganglia outside the CNS

45
Q

the sympathetic division releases what neurotransmitters

A

norepinephrine

46
Q

the parasympathetic division releases what neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

47
Q

the superior cervical ganglion of each sympathetic trunk lies at the base of what

A

the cranium

48
Q

the ____ forms inferior where the two trunks unite at the level of the ____

A

ganglion impar, coccyx

49
Q

white rami communicantes

A

all the presynaptic sympathetic fibers leave the anterior rami of the spinal nerves through this to the sympathetic trunk.

Gross Anatomy (26 decks)

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