nervous system book

Question 0

the peripheral nervous system is made of what

Answer 0

the nerve fivers and the cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from CNS

Question 1

The central nervous system is made of what

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

the somatic nervous system is for what

Answer 2

voluntary sensation, afferent toward the CNS

Question 3

automatic nervous system does what

Answer 3

involuntary visceral nervous system that carries impulses from the CNS efferent

Question 4

neurons are what

Answer 4

nerve cells functional units of the nervous system

Question 5

a neuron is composed of

Answer 5

a cell body
dendrites (extensions)
axon

Question 6

dendrites carry impulses _____ the cell body

Answer 6

toward

Question 7

axons carry impulses ______ away from the cell body

Answer 7

away

Question 8

myelin

Answer 8

layers of lipid and protein

increases speed of impulses

Question 9

neuroglia

Answer 9

glial cells or glia
support, insulate, and nourish neurons
nonexcitable cells

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

collection of neural cells in the CNS

Question 11

tract

Answer 11

bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting nuclei of the CNS

Question 12

gray matter

Answer 12

cell bodies of nerves are here

Question 13

white matter

Answer 13

interconnecting fiber tract systems

Question 14

gray horns

Answer 14

posterior and anterior

Question 15

3 layers of membrane that constitute the meninges

Answer 15

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

Question 16

pia mater

Answer 16

innermost layer

Question 17

csf located

Answer 17

between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater in the subarachnoid space

Question 18

epidural space

Answer 18

fat filled area that seperates the dura mater from the spinal cord

Question 19

astrocytes

Answer 19

glial cells that stop the regeneration of the nervous tissue

Question 20

peripheral nerves consist of

Answer 20

bundles of nerve fibers, their connective tissue coverings, and their blood vessels

Question 21

a nerve fiber consists of

Answer 21

axon
neurolemma
cell membrane of schwann cells
endoneurium

Question 22

myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 22

myelin sheath wrapped single axon

Question 23

unmyelinated

Answer 23

multiple axons

most skin neurons

Question 24

nerve coverings

Answer 24

endoneurium perineurium epineurium

Question 25

perineurium

Answer 25

dense CT

Question 26

epineurium

Answer 26

thick CT includes fatty tissues blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 27

ganglion

Answer 27

collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 28

peripheral nerves are either ____ or ______

Answer 28

cranial or spinal

Question 29

there are ____ pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 29

12

Question 30

____ of the ____ number of cranial nerves arises from the brain

Answer 30

11 of 12

Question 31

CN XI arises from

Answer 31

superior part of the spinal cord

Question 32

all CNs exit the cranial cavity through the

Answer 32

foramina in the cranium

Question 33

there are ___ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 33

31

Question 34

``` number of spinal nerves per region cervical ___ Thoracic___ lumbar____ sacral___ coccygeal____ ```

Answer 34

``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```

Question 35

spinal nerves arise from

Answer 35

nerve rootlets

Question 36

nerve rootlets join to form

Answer 36

nerve roots

Question 37

the anterior root consists of _______ fibers

Answer 37

motor ( efferent)

Question 38

posterior roots are ___

Answer 38

afferent sensory

Question 39

posterior rami

Answer 39

supply nerves to synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, and overlying skin

Question 40

the anterior rami

Answer 40

supply nerves to the anterior and lateral regions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs

Question 41

sympatheic (thoracolumbar) nervous system does what

Answer 41

catabolic reactions that prepare your fight or flight

Question 42

parasympathetic (craniosacral) nervous system does what

Answer 42

anabolic reactions that conserve energy

Question 43

the presynaptic neuron is located where

Answer 43

the gray matter of the CNS

Question 44

the second neurons ( the postsynaptic ) neurons are where

Answer 44

the autonomic ganglia outside the CNS

Question 45

the sympathetic division releases what neurotransmitters

Answer 45

norepinephrine

Question 46

the parasympathetic division releases what neurotransmitter

Answer 46

acetylcholine

Question 47

the superior cervical ganglion of each sympathetic trunk lies at the base of what

Answer 47

the cranium

Question 48

the ____ forms inferior where the two trunks unite at the level of the ____

Answer 48

ganglion impar, coccyx

Question 49

white rami communicantes

Answer 49

all the presynaptic sympathetic fibers leave the anterior rami of the spinal nerves through this to the sympathetic trunk.