nervous system and neurons

Question 1

what three things make up the nervous system?

Answer 1

• brain
• spinal cord
• nerves throughout the body

Question 2

what is coordinated by the brain sending information throughout the body?

Answer 2

bodily functions, muscle movements, and the transmission of sensory information are coordinated by the brain sending information throughout the body and peripheral nerves sending information to the brain.

Question 3

what are the two nervous systems in the body?

Answer 3

the nervous system is the body’s communication and control network. it consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 4

what does the central nervous system do?

Answer 4

the central nervous system functions as the body’s information processing and control centre.

Question 5

what is the central nervous system made up of?

Answer 5

it includes the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

what does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 6

the peripheral nervous system passes information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.

Question 7

what does the peripheral nervous system contain?

Answer 7

the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves. the spinal nerves will spread out to supply the extremities and the rest of the body.

Question 8

what does the nervous system do?

Answer 8

the nervous system coordinates the actions of skeletal muscles and internal organs, and receives and processes sensory information from the environment. the nervous system also controls blood vessel dilation and gland secretion.

Question 9

what nervous system includes special sense organs (eyes, ears, structures in the nose area and the tongue).

Answer 9

peripheral nervous system

Question 10

what are the structures of the central and peripheral nervous system formed from?

Answer 10

nervous tissue. this nervous tissue includes types of cells called neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia.

Question 11

what are neurons?

Answer 11

neurons are nervous system cells that can conduct electrical signals and pass information rapidly throughout the body.

Question 12

what does a neuron consist of?

Answer 12

a typical neuron consists of a cell body or soma, many dendrites, and one axon.

Question 13

what are dendrites?

Answer 13

dendrites are short, tapering, and branched nerve processes that receive chemical signals from other neurons and transmits them toward the cell body.

Question 14

what does the cell body contain?

Answer 14

the cell body contains a nucleus, organelles, free ribosomes, and Nissl bodies that synthesize proteins; neurofibrils that provide support; and microtubules that move materials down the axon.

Question 15

what is the axon?

Answer 15

the axon is a long, thin, and cylindrical nerve process that generates nerve impulses and transmits them to its axon terminals, which release neurotransmitters to another neuron, a muscle fibber, or a gland cell.

Question 16

what does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 16

when a myelin sheath surrounds the axon, it provides insulation that increases conduction speed. not all axons are myelinated

Question 17

how are neurons classified?

Answer 17

neurons can be classified by structure

Question 18

what neurons have one axon and many dendrites extending from the cell body?

Answer 18

multipolar

Question 19

what neurons are located in special sensory organs. these neurons have one axon and one dendrite

Answer 19

bipolar neurons

Question 20

in what axon does the axon split into two branches that attach to the cell body?

Answer 20

unipolar neurons are also sensory neurons.in this type of neuron, the axon splits into two branches that attach to the cell body

Question 21

when is a neuron in a state of resting potential?

Answer 21

when a neuron is not transmitting a signal, it is in a state of resting potential.

Question 22

what causes positively charged ions to entre the cell, depolarizing the cell membrane.

Answer 22

a stimulus

Question 23

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 23

chemical released as synapses and regulate the activity of muscles, glands and other neurons.

Question 24

what do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

Answer 24

encourage the transmission of an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters inhibit transmission.

Question 25

what is acetylcholine

Answer 25

acetylcholine is a widespread neurotransmitter found in the CNS and a neuromuscular junctions between peripheral nerves and muscles.

Question 26

what do norepinephrine and epinephrine do?

Answer 26

norepinephrine and epinephrine function as both hormones and neurotransmitters, mainly in the CNS. they are produces in the adrenal glands and secreted into circulation.

Question 27

what is dopamine

Answer 27

dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter that regulates skeletal muscle tone and emotional responses.

Question 28

what does grey matter consist of?

Answer 28

neuron cell bodies

Question 29

what does white matter consist of?

Answer 29

myelinated axons

Question 30

axon hillock

Answer 30

A structure that initiates action potentials.

Question 31

axon

Answer 31

A long, thin, cylindrical nerve process that generates nerve impulses.

Question 32

Axon terminal

Answer 32

A structure that releases neurotransmitters, chemicals that have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on their target (another neuron, a muscle fibre, or a gland cell)

Question 33

soma

Answer 33

The cell body, which contains a nucleus and organelles

Question 34

Dendrites

Answer 34

Short, tapering, and branched nerve processes that receive chemical signals from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body.

Question 35

what is the net charge outside a resting neuron?

Answer 35

positive

Question 36

what is the peripheral nervous system made from?

Answer 36

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the cranial nerve, spinal nerves and sensory organs.

Question 37

what is a neuron made up from?

Answer 37

A typical neuron consists of soma, many dendrites, and one axon.

Question 38

state

Answer 38

The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord transmits signals to and from the brain and commands reflexes, immediate responses that don’t require the brain’s input. The brain connects perceptions to complex thought, memory, and emotion

Question 39

what is the net charge inside a resting neuron?

Answer 39

negative