bones

Question 1

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

support, protection, leverage, storge of minerals and liquid, and blood cell production.

Question 2

what are the five types of bone?

Answer 2

flat, long, short, irregular and sesamoid.

Question 3

what are the properties of flat bones?

Answer 3

thin and protective plates, irregular shape. they protect internal organs such as the brain, heart and lungs.

Question 4

what are examples of flat bones?

Answer 4

skull, sternum, ribs scapula and pelvis.

Question 5

what are the properties of long bones?

Answer 5

support the weight of the body and facilitate movement. they are in arms and legs, examples are humorous, femur tibia and fibula.

Question 6

what do the short bones do?

Answer 6

they are cube-shapes components of the wrist and ankle joints. carpals are wrist bones of the hand.

Question 7

describe irregular bones

Answer 7

examples are vertebra. they have multiple functions

Question 8

what are sesamoid bones?

Answer 8

bones within tendons. they alter muscle leverage and protect the tendon.

Question 9

what is osseous tissue and what makes it?

Answer 9

osseous tissue is basic bone tissue and it is made by osteoblasts.

Question 10

state

Answer 10

osteoblasts reside in periosteum and bone marrow. they build collagen (type one) scaffolding around itself combining with calcium, phosphate and magnesium to create a crystalised bone cell.

Question 11

what do osteoblasts do?

Answer 11

create bone tissue

Question 12

what do osteoclasts do

Answer 12

destroy and absorb one tissue. chemically guided to sites of micro fractures

Question 13

what are osteocytes

Answer 13

the most common and permanent cells in bone. they control mechanisms for osteoblast/osteoclast activity. they are sensitive to mechanical stress.

Question 14

how many bones are there in the adult skeleton?

Answer 14

206

Question 15

what is located within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 15

the heart and lungs

Question 16

state

Answer 16

The skeletal system is also the site of calcium and phosphorus storage and blood cell formation

Question 17

Interactions between the s_____, m______ and n_____ move the body

Answer 17

skeleton, muscles, nerves

Question 18

what is the axil skeleton made of?

Answer 18

the axil skeleton comprises of bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage, the skull and head region.

Question 19

what is the difference between the appendicular skeleton and the axil skeleton?

Answer 19

Bones of the appendicular, skeleton, support and facilitate movement, what are bones of the axial skeleton protects internal organs. The Skeleton also stores and minerals such as calcium and produces red blood cells.

Question 20

what is bone marrow?

Answer 20

soft tissue inside some bones.

Question 21

what does yellow bone marrow consist of and where is it found?

Answer 21

mostly of fat and is found inside the medullary cavity of long bones.

Question 22

what is produced in red bone marrow?

Answer 22

blood cells

Question 23

where is red bone marrow located?

Answer 23

in networks of spongy bone tissue and found mainly in flat bones. it is located within the ends of long bones.

Question 24

what is in the interior of a long bone?

Answer 24

Long bones consist of an outer layer of compact bone surrounding spongy bone, which in turn encloses a medullary cavity filled with bone marrow.

Question 25

what are the different parts of the long bone?

Answer 25

A long bone consists of a shaft, or diaphysis, and an epiphysis at each end. Each epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage, and the diaphysis is covered by the periosteum.

Inside the bone is the medullary cavity, which contains yellow bone marrow and is surrounded by layers of spongy and compact bone tissue.

Question 26

what is a osteon

Answer 26

compact bone tissue is organised into structural units called osteons. each osteon consists of concentric lamellae enclosing a central canal through which blood vessels pass.

Question 27

state

Answer 27

Specialized cells in bone tissue perform functions that support the production, maintenance, and breakdown of bone

Question 28

what are osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.

Answer 28

osteoclasts are large cells that secrete enzymes to break down bone matrix.

osteoblasts synthesise bone matrix.

osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health.

Question 29

where does the development of flat bones happen?

Answer 29

The development of the skeleton’s flat bones begins as certain mesenchymal cells, at specific points within embryonic fibrous connective tissue, develop into osteoblasts.

Question 30

how are flat bones of the skull formed?

Answer 30

Flat bones, like the bones of the skull, form through intramembranous ossification. These bones consist of two layer of compact bone enclosing an interior of spongy bone.

Question 31

how do long bones develop?

Answer 31

Long bones, like the major bones of the limbs, develop through endochondral ossification.

Question 32

what are the five types of fracture>

Answer 32

closed (simple), open (compound), greenstick, comminated, and impact.

Question 33

what is a closed fracture?

Answer 33

A closed or simple fracture is a bone break beneath the skin.

Question 34

what is an open fracture?

Answer 34

In open or compound fractures, the broken bone ends pierce the skin.

Question 35

what is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 35

Greenstick fractures are partial breaks in a bone that occur as a result of bending.

Question 36

what is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 36

Comminuted fractures occur when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces.

Question 37

what is an impact fracture?

Answer 37

In impact fractures, one end of a broken bone is driven into the other end.

Question 38

how is a bone repaired after a fracture?

Answer 38

A fractured bone bleeds. Bone repair begins, as over a period of hours blood at the fracture site clots and forms a hematoma. The healing begins as osteoclasts in the area remove dead bone tissue, while fibroblasts penetrate the area and build a fibrocartilaginous callus that bridges the broken bone. Over many weeks osteoblasts transform the callus into bone.
Continued remolding and the mechanical stress put on the bone creates and shapes new bone. Over a period of months or years the bone regains its original strength, shape and internal structure.

Question 39

state

Answer 39

Bone stores calcium, which is necessary for the proper functioning of body systems. Hormones produced in the parathyroid and thyroid glands regulate the amount of calcium in the bloodstream.

Question 40

state

Answer 40

In the skeletal system, cells called osteoclasts constantly remove old bone while osteoblasts generate new bone. When bone tissue is lost faster than generates, bones can weaken and break. Osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone pain, tenderness and weakened and brittle bones.