joints Flashcards
how are joints characterised?
joints are characterised by the range of movement provided.
what are sutures?
sutures are non-moving joints that connect the bones of the skull. these joints have serrated edges that lock together with fibres of connective tissue.
what do the interlocking edges do?
The interlocking edges make sutures strong and fracture-resistant.
are all skull joints sutures?
no. All skull joints are sutures, except for the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone, which is a movable synovial joint.
state
Skull sutures are fibrous joints that occur only in the skull. They are a type of synthesis, or immovable joint.
what are gomphoses?
the fibrous articulations between the teeth and the mandible of maxilla are immovable joints called gomphoses.
what is a synchondrosis?
A synchondrosis is an immovable cartilaginous joint. One example is the joint between the first pair of ribs and the sternum.
what is a syndesmoses joint?
A syndesmosis is a joint where a ligament connects two bones, allowing for a little movement. The distal joint between the tibia and fibula is one example.
what is a symphysis joint?
A symphysis consists of a fibrocartilaginous pad which connects two bones, allowing for some movement.
what is a synovial joint?
Synovial joints are movable joints that occur throughout the body. The six types of synovial joints allow for different ranges of motion.
how are synovial joints characterised?
Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones, often supported by surrounding ligaments. Bone surfaces at a synovial joint are protected by a coating of articular cartilage.
what is a gliding joint?
As the body moves, the vertebrae of the spine move against each other as gliding joints.
what are examples of gliding joints?
Major gliding joints in the skeleton include the intervertebral joints and the bones of the wrists and ankles.
what is a hinge joint?
Hinge joints, like the elbow, move in just one axis. These joints allow for flexion and extension.
what are examples of hinge joints in the skeleton?
Major hinge joints in the skeleton include the elbow and finger joints.
what are pivot joints?
At the top of the spine, the atlas and axis form a pivot joint that allows for rotation of the head.
what is an examples of a pivot joint?
The joint between the axis and atlas is an example of a pivot joint.
what are condyloid joints?
The wrist joint is a condyloid joint that allows for circumduction, flexion and extension
what are examples of condyloid joints?
The joints between the radium and carpal bones is an example of condyloid joint
what are saddle joints?
In the hand, the thumbs saddle joint lets the thumb cross over the palm, making it opposable
what is an example of a saddle joint?
The joint between the first metacarpal and the trapezium is a saddle joint.
what is a ball and socket joint?
The ball-and-socket joint, found in the shoulder, is a freely moving joint that can rotate on any axis.
what is an example of a ball and socket joint?
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints.
what do ligaments do?
Ligaments reinforce synovial joints and limit movement to prevent injury. The knee, a major synovial joint, is stabilized by several ligaments.
state
Articular cartilage at joints degenerates with age and wear. This degeneration is most common in the knee, elbow, shoulder, and hip joints. The loss of joint cartilage, called osteoarthritis, causes pain and inflammation due to articulating bones rubbing directly against one another without cushioning.
