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anat and p > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

What does this contain?

A

Spinal cord, brain, neural tissue, Connective tissue, blood vessels

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2
Q

Function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Sensory Data, Motor Commands, Higher Functions

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What does this contain?

A

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ?

A

Delivers sensory information to the CNS

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5
Q

Afferent Division (sensory info only)

A

PNS sensory receptors to CNS

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6
Q

Interoceptors

A

Internal Environment

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7
Q

Externoceptors

A

External Environment

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8
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Body Position

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9
Q

Efferent Division (Motor commands only)

A

CNS to PNS

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10
Q

Somatic (skeletal)

A

Controlling voluntary/involuntary skeletal muscles contraction

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11
Q

Autonomic

A

Subconscious Actions

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12
Q

Sympathic

A

Fight or flight stimulate

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13
Q

Parasympathic

A

Relax

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14
Q

Neurons

A

Functional unit

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15
Q

How does a Neuron flow?

A

In One Direction (toward the cell body)

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16
Q

Axon hillock

A

Initial segment (thick)

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17
Q

Colladerals

A

Branch of a single axon

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18
Q

Telodendria

A

Extension of the distal axon

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19
Q

Synaptic terminal

A

Tips of the Telodendria

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20
Q

Ana

A

Absence

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21
Q

Anaxonic

A

Small dendrites axons also look alike

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22
Q

Bipolar

A

Small, 1 large dendrite, 1 main large Axon

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23
Q

Unipolar

A

Very long axon, fused dendrites and axons

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24
Q

Where are Anaxonic found in?

A

Brain, sense organs

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25
Q

Where are bipolar found in?

A

Sensory organs

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26
Q

Where are multipolar found in?

A

CNS

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27
Q

Multipolar

A

Very long axon, many dendrites

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28
Q

What is the function of sensory?

A

Afferent PNS, signals to CNS

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29
Q

What is the function of Motor units?

A

Efferent PNS, Takes signals to effectors

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30
Q

where are Interneurons found?

A

Only found in CNS

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31
Q

What is the function of Ependymal Cells in the CNS?

A

Form epithelial tissue lining the central channel

32
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes in the CNS?

A

Creates framework and scar tissue

These also are projections that wrap capillaries to form the blood brain barrier which isolated the CNS.

33
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

A

Insulates axons
Increase speed of propagation
Makes the axon white

34
Q

What is the function of Microglia in the CNS?

A

Clean up things that do not belong

35
Q

What is the function of Satellite in the PNS?

A

Regulates the environment around the neurons.

36
Q

What is the function of Schwann Cells in the PNS?

A

Forms the Myelin sheath

Produces myelin or separates Axons

37
Q

If a Injury occurs to the PNS…

A

Distal Axons degenerate and Schwann cells replicate.

38
Q

If a injury occurs to the CNS…

A

Limited repair, no regrowth, scar tissue, astrocytes release chemicals that prevent growth.

39
Q

Neurons conduct information through..

A

Action Potentials

40
Q

Action Potential

A

Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump

41
Q

Electro-Chemical Gradiant

A

When Na+ wants to enter the cell

When k+ wants to exit the cell

42
Q

Positive ion entering cell (less neg)

A

Action potential

43
Q

Positive ion leaving the cell (more neg)

A

No Action Potential

44
Q

Passive channels are..

A

Leak channels that are always open

45
Q

Active Channels are..

A

Gated channels that open and close with stimuli

46
Q

What are the 3 types of active channels

A

Close inactivated (locked)
Close capable to open (unlocked)
Open

47
Q

Repolarization

A

When a stimulus is removed, transmembrane potential returns to normal

48
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

further away from resting potential K+ channel opens

49
Q

Action Potential Steps

A
  1. ) Depolarzation to threshold
  2. ) Activation of Na+ channel
  3. ) Inactivate of Na+ channel, K+ channels activated
  4. ) return to normal permeability K+ channel close at -70 mv
50
Q

Absolute Refractory Period

A

No AP Possible, Na+ Open or Inactive

51
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

Large Stimulus 2nd AP

52
Q

What do Anesthetics do?

A

Locks all Na+ channels in inactive sites

53
Q

Continuous Propagation Steps

A
  1. ) Action Potential
  2. )Depolarize second segment to Threshold (Develop AP)
  3. ) First Segment Refractory Period
  4. ) Local Current Depolarization Next Segment
54
Q

What is a Salutary Propagation?

A

Myelinated Axon, faster/less energy

55
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Local Current Jumps Node to Node

56
Q

Larger Axon Diameter

A

High Speed

57
Q

Myelinated Axon

A

High speed

58
Q

Synapse

A

Junction, Neuron and Cell

59
Q

Presynaptic

A

Sends a message

60
Q

Postsynaptic

A

Receives a Message

61
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Gap increases

62
Q

Electrical Synapse has..

A

Direct Connections, Gap Junctions

63
Q

Chemical Synapse

A

No Direct Connections, neurotransmitters, AP Not Guaranteed

64
Q

Steps of a Synapse

A
  1. ) AP Arrives, Depolarizes Synaptic Knob
  2. ) Ca2+ Channels Open and Dumps ACh
  3. ) ACh Bind to receptors, Depolarizes Postsynaptic
  4. ) ACh. Removed By Enzyme AChE
65
Q

Synaptic Delay

A

.2-.5 Milliseconds

66
Q

Acetylcholine

A

SM (excitory) CM (inhibit)

67
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Brain/ ANS (excitory)

68
Q

Dopamine

A

Both Excitory and Inhibtory CNS

69
Q

Serotonin

A

Excitory CNS

70
Q

Gamma Aminobutyncacid (GABA)

A

Inhibtory CNS

71
Q

Neuropeptides

A

Bind to receptors which activate enzymes

72
Q

Opiods

A

Found in CNS, Relieves pain

73
Q

Inhibition

A

Further Away From Threshold

74
Q

Facilitation

A

Raised Closer Toward Threshold

75
Q

Temporal Summation

A

Many Times

Rapid, Repeated Stimuli at 1 Synapse

76
Q

Spatical Summation

A

Many Locations

Many Stimuli At Many Synapse

anat and p (11 decks)

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