Nervous System Flashcards
What are the 2 divisions of the central nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
What are the 2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
Plexuses
Nerves
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
Innervates our body
What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Visceral innervation (muscles we dont control) Ganglia
What is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for?
Sympathetic (Fight or flight reactions)
Parasympathetic (rest & digest)
What are the support cells of the nervous system?
Glial Cells
What are the 4 types of glial cells?
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
What is the function of astrocytes?
Storage
Scavengers
Physical support
What is the function of microglia?
Macrophages of the neurosystem
- protection
- phagocytes
What is the function of oligrodendrocytes?
Make myelin (increase speed)
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Make cerebral spinal fluid (for protection)
Neurons are comprised of….
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
What organelles are located in the cell body?
Nucleus Nissl bodies Mitochondria Lysosomes ER Golgi
What is the function of dendrites?
Carry action potential toward the body
What is the purpose of increasing the amount of dendritic trees?
Increase surface area —> more neurons for communicating
What is the purpose of the axon?
Carry action potential away from the body
What are the components of an axon?
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Telodendria
Terminal Boutons
Myelin sheath function
Increase conduction velocity
Nodes of Ranvier function
Interruptions that allow AP to jump from node to node in order to avoid depolarization of entire membrane
Telodenria fuction
Expands the axon to allow more synapses to form on 1 axon
Terminal boutons function
Site of synapses
How would you classify a neuron that is one process attaching to a cell body
Unipolar
Which classification of neurons are not found in human systems?
Unipolar
What is a Pseudounipolar neuron?
Two processes attach to cell body, but they are close together and look like 1 process
What classification of neurons is found in the general sensory system?
Pseudounipolar
How would you classify a neuron that has two processes attached to a cell body at opposite ends
Bipolar
Where would you find bipolar neurons?
Special sensory systems (retina, auditory)
What is a multipolar neuron?
Cell body has numerous processes attached to it
Where do you find multipolar neurons?
Motor systems
