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Histology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

A

Skeletal

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3
Q

Which type of muscle is involuntary?

A

Cardiac & smooth

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4
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

In the organs

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5
Q

Smooth muscle is striated/nonstriated?

A

Nonstriated

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6
Q

Smooth muscles are _______ in shape

A

Fusiform

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle is only found where?

A

In the heart

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle is striated or nonstriated?

A

Striated

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9
Q

Cardiac cells are _______ elongated fibers

A

Branching

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10
Q

The ______________ are found where the cell membranes come together in gap junctions

A

Intercalated disk

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle is found where?

A

In the muscles of the limbs and trunk

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle is striated/nonstriated?

A

Striated

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13
Q

Skeletal cells are _________ in shape

A

Long cylinders

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14
Q

__________ contains multiple peripheral nuclei

A

Skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle coverings?

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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16
Q

__________ go around each cell and is loose connective tissue

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

__________ surround each fascicles and are connective tissue

A

Perimysium

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18
Q

_______ surround each muscle and are dense connective tissue

A

Episysium

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19
Q

If you increase the diameter of the fascicle, you __________ the control of the muscle

A

Decrease

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20
Q

What are the 4 components that make up a sarcomere

A

M-Line
H-zone
A-band
I-band

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21
Q

The functional unit of muscle contraction (from Z-line to Z-line)

A

Sarcomere

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22
Q

Thick filaments are held together by ________ ___ _________

A

Nodes of protein

23
Q

Where nodes are located

A

M-line

24
Q

Defined by the ends of thin filaments

A

H-zone

25
Q

End of thick filaments, overlaps with thin

A

A-band

26
Q

Only thin filaments are located here

A

I-band

27
Q

Very concentrated thin filaments

A

Z-line

28
Q

What is the ratio of thick to thin filaments?

A

1 thick : 6 thin

29
Q

What are the 3 components of thin filament?

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

30
Q

Two Long strand of F-actin (made of G-actin) twisted together

A

Actin

31
Q

Glue that holds F-actin strands together

A

Tropomyosin

32
Q

What are the three subunits or troponin?

A

TnT
TnC
TnI

33
Q

What is the function of TnT

A

Bind to tropomyosin

34
Q

TnC function

A

Binds calcium

35
Q

TnI function

A

Blocks interaction between actin and myosin (keeps muscles from contracting all the time)

36
Q

Thick filaments is made of what?

A

Myosin

37
Q

What are the two subunits of myosin?

A

Heavy meromyosin

Light meromyosin

38
Q

What is the function of heavy meromyosin?

A

Forms head of molecule - has binding sites for ATP and actin

39
Q

Which type of skeletal muscle is related to continuous slow contractions?

A

Type 1

40
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers are rich in ______

A

Myoglobin

41
Q

What do type 1 muscle fibers use for energy

A

Fatty acid - oxidative phosphorylation

42
Q

Which muscle fiber type is used for rapid discontinuous contractions

A

Type 2

43
Q

Type 2 has ______ myoglobin than type 1

A

Less

44
Q

What are the three subtypes of type 2 muscle fiber

A

IIA
IIB
IIC

45
Q

Which subtype has the fastest action and uses glycolysis for energy

A

IIB

46
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum store

A

Calcium

47
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a network of _______

A

SER

48
Q

What is the T-tubule?

A

Projection of sarcolemma that forms a complex of tubules at the A-I junction

49
Q

What makes up a triad?

A

1 T-tubule and 2 terminal cistern

50
Q

What triggers calcium to be released?

A

When the action potential contacts a terminal cistern

51
Q

What do skeletal muscles use as their neurotransmitter?

A

Ach

52
Q

What determines if a muscle can contract?

A

The number of receptors

53
Q

What happens if enough Acetyl-CoA is bound to peripheral protein on the muscle?

A

The muscle depolarizes and action potential is sent into the muscle

54
Q

What does type 2 skeletal muscle use for energy?

A

Glycolysis

Histology (13 decks)

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