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Histology > 2-Connective Tissue > Flashcards

2-Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

All connective tissue can trace back to _______

A

Mesoderm (mesenchyme cells)

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2
Q

What are the 2 major divisions of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper

Specialized connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

A

Provides and maintains form of the body

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4
Q

What is connective tissue made of?

A
  1. Ground substance
  2. Fibers
  3. Cells
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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans and structural glycoproteins make up which component of connective tissue?

A

Ground Substance

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6
Q

What is the main function of ground substance?

A

Lubricant and barrier

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7
Q

Where do you usually see ground substance?

A

Around the heart, lungs, and GI tract

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8
Q

Ground Substance is primarily __________

A

Sugar

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9
Q

Where is dermatan sulfate found?

A

In the dermis of the skin

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10
Q

What type of collagen is dermis made of?

A

Type 1

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11
Q

Chondroitin Sulfate is made up what type of collagen?

A

Type 2

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12
Q

Chondroitin Sulfate can be found where?

A

In the cartilage of joints

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13
Q

Heparan Sulfate is what type of fiber

A

Type 3 collagen

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14
Q

Heparan Sulfate can be found where?

A

In reticular fibers

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15
Q

What are structural glycoproteins?

A

Proteins to which branched carbohydrates are attached

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16
Q

What are 2 examples of glycoprotein?

A

Laminin and Fibronectin

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17
Q

Where is laminin found?

A

In the basal lamina

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18
Q

What is fibronectin used for?

A

Cellular adhesion

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19
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

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20
Q

___________ is the most abundant protein of the body

A

Collagen

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21
Q

Collagen is formed by __________

A

Fibroblast

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22
Q

Nonelastic, acidophilic tissue with a tensile strength stronger than steel

A

Collagen Fibers

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23
Q

What are some examples of collagen fibers?

A

Cartilage, bone, connective tissue proper

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24
Q

Strings of amino acid come together to make _______

A

Tropocollagen

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25
Q

Each T strand has ___ fibrils associated with it

A

3

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26
Q

_________ _________ form an irregular network

A

Elastic fibers

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27
Q

Elastic fibers can stretch _____ times their original length

A

1.5

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28
Q

The core of elastic fibers are made of _________ but its surrounded by ________

A

Elastin proteins

Microfibrils

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29
Q

Do Elastic Fibers form a regular or irregular network?

A

Irregular (no orientation)

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30
Q

Type 3 collagen fibers make up a network that supports cells and allows filtration.. What are these fibers called?

A

Reticular fibers

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31
Q

_______ forms a network that holds cells in place but lets fluids come through

A

Reticular Fibers

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32
Q

Reticular Fibers are mainly found where?

A

In organs that filter

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33
Q

What are the 5 types of connective tissue cells?

A 
Fibroblast
Fibrocyte
Macrophage
Mast Cell
Plasma Cell
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34
Q

______ are the most common connective tissue cell

A

Fibroblast

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35
Q

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

A

Synthesis of fibers and ground substance

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36
Q

What is a fibrocyte?

A

An older fibroblasts

Cells that were fibroblasts but are now inactive

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37
Q

What is a macrophage?

A

Phagocytes that act as our body’s first line of defense.

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38
Q

Macrophages are derived from __________

A

Blood monocytes

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39
Q

What is the function of Mast Cells?

A

Secrete ECF-A

-used in allergic reactions

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40
Q

Mast Cells contain what three components?

A

Heparin, histamine, and ECF-A

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41
Q

Mast Cells have surface receptors for ______

A

IgE

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42
Q

Which cells are the fewest in connective tissues?

A

Plasma cells

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43
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

Synthesis of antibodies

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44
Q

Plasma cella are part of which system?

A

Immune system

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45
Q

_______ activates plasma cell?

A

Antigen (ag)

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46
Q

What are the three classifications of connective tissue?

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Special Connective Tissue
Supporting Connective Tissue

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47
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose
Dense irregular
Dense regular

48
Q

What are the 2 types of special connective tissue?

A

Adipose

Elastic

49
Q

What are the 2 types of supporting connective tissue?

A

Cartilage

Bone

50
Q

This type of connective tissue fills in spaces, supports epithelial tissue, surrounds lymphatic and blood vessels.

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

51
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue contains which type of cells?

A

Fibroblast, macrophage, collagen fiber, elastic fiber, reticular fiber

52
Q

What is the major component of loose areolar connective tissue?

A

Amorphous ground substance

53
Q

How does loose areolar connective tissue respond to stress?

A

It is not resistant to stress - it will tear

54
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue can be found where?

A

In the dermis of the skin

55
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue contains ________ collagen fibers and ______ cells

A

More

Less

56
Q

How does Dense Irregular Connective Tissue respond to stress?

A

It resists stress in all directions

57
Q

Dense regular connective tissue contains _____ collagen fibers and _____ cells.

A

More

Less

58
Q

How does Dense Regular Connective Tissue respond to stress?

A

It can resist stress in one direction, but not well in others.

59
Q

Collagen fibers are parallel to each other in what type of connective tissue?

A

Dense regular

60
Q

Which type of connective tissue is composed of bundles of thick elastic fibers?

A

Elastic connective tissue

61
Q

Where can elastic connective tissue be found?

A

In the ligamentum flava

62
Q

How does Elastic Connective Tissue respond to stress?

A

It gives in all directions

63
Q

Which type of connective tissue is specialized loose connective tissue that forms a framework in lymphoid and myeloid organs

A

Reticular connective tissue

64
Q

Reticular connective tissues are made of _______

A

Reticular fibers

65
Q

___________ connective tissue is like a net that hold cells in place but allow fluid to move through

A

Reticular

66
Q

Fibroblasts of reticular connective tissue are called __________

A

Reticulocyte

67
Q

___________ connective tissue contains a high concentration of amorphous ground substance with hyaluronic acid.

A

Mucous

68
Q

Where is mucous connective tissue found?

A

In the Wharton’s Jelly of the umbilical cord

69
Q

What are the functions of adipose tissue?

A

Energy storage
Shapes the body
Insulates the body

70
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?

A

Unilocular (yellow)

Multilocular (brown)

71
Q

Cells that appear as a thin layer of cytoplasm with a flattened nucleus

A

Unilocular Adipose Tissue

72
Q

_____________ is primarily used for heat energy

A

Multilocular Adipose Tissue

73
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

Support soft tissue
Provide sliding areas for joints
Growth of bones

74
Q

Where do you find cartilage?

A

In joints

75
Q

How does cartilage respond to stress?

A

It can compress and snap back when it is healthy

76
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

77
Q

What is the primary substance in hyaline cartilage?

A

Water

78
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Auricle of the ear

79
Q

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

A

In the intervertebral discs

80
Q

Fibrocartilage always occurs in _________

A

Dense connective tissue

81
Q

What are the three types of bone cells?

A

Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

82
Q

What is the function of osteoblast?

A

Synthesis of osteoid (build up of bones)

83
Q

________ is the organic component of bone

A

Osteoid

84
Q

_______ are found on the surface of bone

A

Osteoblasts

85
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells

86
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Break down bone

87
Q

Osteoclasts develop from _______

A

Monocytes

88
Q

Why do we break down bone?

A

Release calcium into blood stream

Remodeling of bone

89
Q

The area where bone is being removed is called ________?

A

Howship’s lacuna

90
Q

What is the percentage of the inorganic portion of the bone?

A

50%

91
Q

What is the inorganic portion of bone made of?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals

92
Q

Where are hydroxyapatite crystals located?

A

Between type 1 collagen fibers

93
Q

What allows organic and inorganic material to interact?

A

The shell of hydration that surrounds the bone matrix

94
Q

2 ways to look at bone

A

Decalcified bone

Ground bone

95
Q

Periosteum & Endosteum are what two layers

A

External dense connective tissue

Internal osteogenic layer

96
Q

How do periosteum and endosteum attach to the bone matrix?

A

Sharper’s Fibers

97
Q

Which is thinner, periosteum or endosteum?

A

Endosteum

98
Q

How are Haversian canals oriented?

A

They run along the long axis of the bone

99
Q

How are Volkmanns canals oriented in ground bone?

A

They run at 90 degrees to the Haversian canal

100
Q

The marrow cavity is made up of what?

A

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

101
Q

Which type of bone undergoes the most remodeling?

A

Cancellous bones

102
Q

What is yellow marrow?

A

Adipose

103
Q

Physis AKA

A

Growth plate

104
Q

physis is made of _________

A

Hyaline cartilage

105
Q

How many Zones of Bone Growth are there?

A

5

106
Q

ID the zone:

Classic hyaline cartilage

A

Zone of resting cartilage

107
Q

ID the zone:

No bone growth, gain more and more chondrocytes

A

Zone of proliferation

108
Q

ID the zone:

Chondrocytes take on water and cause bone to elongate

A

Zone of Hypertrophy

109
Q

ID the zone:

Osteoblasts come in and bone starts to form

A

Zone of calcification

110
Q

ID the zone:

Regular bone

A

Bone of diaphysis

111
Q

What are the molecules that make up hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Calcium
Phosphate
Water

112
Q

Howship’s Lacuna contain what cell?

A

Osteoclast

113
Q

What cell is lipid droplet not membrane bound, and surrounded by reticular tissue

A

Unilocular adipose tissue

114
Q

Adipose cells with many lipid droplets and many mitochondria

A

Multilocular Adipose Tissue

115
Q 
What does this describe:
Avascular 
Uses diffusion
No nerves or lymphatics
Low metabolic rate
Bear stress without permanent damage
A

Cartilage

Histology (13 decks)

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