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3 - GI Glands Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas is a mixed _______ and ______ gland

A

Exocrine and endocrine

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2
Q

Exocrine is made up of:

A

Serous secretory units

Compound acinar glands

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3
Q

Purpose of exocrine:

A

Released creatin and digestive enzyme

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4
Q

Endocrine releases:

A

Hormones

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5
Q

Endocrine contains:

A

Islets of langerhan - lots of capillaries

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6
Q

Islets of langerhan secrete

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Pancreas exocrine cells contain ________ enzymes like:

A

Digestive

Trypsinogen, chymotryspinogen, amylase, lipase

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8
Q

The endocrine portion of the gland makes up about 1.5% of the gland as the _________________

A

Islets of langerhans

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9
Q

Islets of langerhan are polygonal cells separated by ___________ and ________

A

A network of capillaries and reticular fibers

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10
Q

The islets of langerhan contains what 3 cells:

A

Beta-cells
Alpha-cells
Delta-cells

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11
Q

Most numerous cell in the center of the islet of langerhan - produces insulin - makes up 60-80% of the cells

A

B-cells

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12
Q

Largest cell found toward the outside of the islet of langerhan - produce glucagon and gastrin

A

Alpha-cells

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13
Q

Least numerous cells in the islets of langerhan - parents of Alpha and Beta Cells

A

Delta-Cells

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14
Q

The hepatic lobule has the _______ in the center

A

Central vein

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15
Q

The hepatic lobule of the liver has _______ in each “corner”

A

Triads

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16
Q

What is between the central vein and the triads?

A

Hepatocytes

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17
Q

What 3 components make a triad?

A

Branch of portal vein
Hepatic artery branch
Bile duct branch

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18
Q

What does the hepatic method of division tell us about the liver?

A

Where the blood comes from for a single central vein

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19
Q

The portal vein has what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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20
Q

Which is the largest opening in the triad?

A

Portal vein

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21
Q

What type of epithelium does the branch of the hepatic artery have?

A

Simple squamous (also thick smooth muscle)

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22
Q

What type of epithelium does the bile duct in the triad have?

A

Simple cuboidal

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23
Q

Hepatocytes have ________ on each side

A

Sinusoids

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24
Q

Kuppfer Cells (macrophages) may be seen in _________

A

Sinusoids

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25
The portal lobule has what in the center?
Hepatic triad
26
The “corners” of the portal lobule are what?
Central vein
27
What is the focus of the portal lobule view?
Where does the blood flow (all the blood)
28
What are the functional divisions of the hepatic acini:
Zone I Zone II Zone III
29
Which functional division has the highest concentration of toxin and therefore the most damage?
Zone I
30
The hepatic zone closest to the triad
Zone I
31
Intermediate zone of the hepatic
zone II
32
The hepatic zone farthest from the triad and least affected by toxin
Zone III
33
Which hepatic zone is closest to the central vein?
Zone III
34
Hepatocytes are _________ epithelial cells
Polyhedral
35
When hepatocytes come in contact with each other, they form tubular spaces called what?
Bile canaliculi
36
Hepatocytes have 1-2 nuclei - what does this mean for the cell?
It is very metabolically active
37
The surface of hepatocytes have numerous microvilli in the space of ______
Disse
38
Hepatocytes contain aggregates of ______ and _____
SER and RER
39
Hepatocytes are held together by _____________ near the bile canaliculi
Tight junctions
40
Hepatocytes are held together by _________ by the space of disse
Gap junctions
41
What is located within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes?
Glycogen and lipid droplets
42
Glocyogen and lipid droplets in hepatic cytoplasm have many ___________ and ________
Mitochondria and microbodies
43
Mitochondria and microbodies serve what purpose in the hepatocyte?
Convert toxic bilirubin into bilirubin glucuronide
44
What is the purpose of hepatocytes?
Remove foreign material from blood
45
Hepatocytes store _________ in the form of ________
Glucose | Glycogen
46
The ________ (organ) is a major sugar retainer
Liver
47
Sinusoids ______ blood flow rate
Decrease
48
Deoxygenated blood enters through the __________
Portal vein
49
Oxygenated blood enters through the __________
Hepatic artery
50
Blood entering the portal vein is from what?
GI tract
51
Blood entering the hepatic artery is what?
Regular artery blood - delivering nutrients and oxygen...
52
Any material that makes it to the ___________ can go systemic
Central vein
53
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate (remove H2O) bile
54
The mucosa of the gallbladder is lined with what type of epithelium?
Simple columnar with microvilla
55
The lamina propria of the gallbladder has many _______
Folds
56
Gallbladder cells can secrete ________
Mucous
57
What goes around the circumference of a gland in the gallbladder?
Thin layer of smooth muscle
58
What is outside the muscular layer of the gallbladder gland?
Perimuscular CT with serosa
59
What is the function of the muscular layer of smooth muscle of the gallbladder?
To expel bile
60
What is bile?
An emulsifier - used to break down lipids
61
Bile does not _______ molecules, it just makes them ________
Degrade | Smaller
62
Water is absorbed into the ________ in the gallbladder
Blood vessels

Histology (13 decks)

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