3 - GI Glands Flashcards
The pancreas is a mixed _______ and ______ gland
Exocrine and endocrine
Exocrine is made up of:
Serous secretory units
Compound acinar glands
Purpose of exocrine:
Released creatin and digestive enzyme
Endocrine releases:
Hormones
Endocrine contains:
Islets of langerhan - lots of capillaries
Islets of langerhan secrete
Insulin
Pancreas exocrine cells contain ________ enzymes like:
Digestive
Trypsinogen, chymotryspinogen, amylase, lipase
The endocrine portion of the gland makes up about 1.5% of the gland as the _________________
Islets of langerhans
Islets of langerhan are polygonal cells separated by ___________ and ________
A network of capillaries and reticular fibers
The islets of langerhan contains what 3 cells:
Beta-cells
Alpha-cells
Delta-cells
Most numerous cell in the center of the islet of langerhan - produces insulin - makes up 60-80% of the cells
B-cells
Largest cell found toward the outside of the islet of langerhan - produce glucagon and gastrin
Alpha-cells
Least numerous cells in the islets of langerhan - parents of Alpha and Beta Cells
Delta-Cells
The hepatic lobule has the _______ in the center
Central vein
The hepatic lobule of the liver has _______ in each “corner”
Triads
What is between the central vein and the triads?
Hepatocytes
What 3 components make a triad?
Branch of portal vein
Hepatic artery branch
Bile duct branch
What does the hepatic method of division tell us about the liver?
Where the blood comes from for a single central vein
The portal vein has what type of epithelium?
Simple squamous
Which is the largest opening in the triad?
Portal vein
What type of epithelium does the branch of the hepatic artery have?
Simple squamous (also thick smooth muscle)
What type of epithelium does the bile duct in the triad have?
Simple cuboidal
Hepatocytes have ________ on each side
Sinusoids
Kuppfer Cells (macrophages) may be seen in _________
Sinusoids
The portal lobule has what in the center?
Hepatic triad
The “corners” of the portal lobule are what?
Central vein
What is the focus of the portal lobule view?
Where does the blood flow (all the blood)
What are the functional divisions of the hepatic acini:
Zone I
Zone II
Zone III
Which functional division has the highest concentration of toxin and therefore the most damage?
Zone I
The hepatic zone closest to the triad
Zone I
Intermediate zone of the hepatic
zone II
The hepatic zone farthest from the triad and least affected by toxin
Zone III
Which hepatic zone is closest to the central vein?
Zone III
Hepatocytes are _________ epithelial cells
Polyhedral
When hepatocytes come in contact with each other, they form tubular spaces called what?
Bile canaliculi
Hepatocytes have 1-2 nuclei - what does this mean for the cell?
It is very metabolically active
The surface of hepatocytes have numerous microvilli in the space of ______
Disse
Hepatocytes contain aggregates of ______ and _____
SER and RER
Hepatocytes are held together by _____________ near the bile canaliculi
Tight junctions
Hepatocytes are held together by _________ by the space of disse
Gap junctions
What is located within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes?
Glycogen and lipid droplets
Glocyogen and lipid droplets in hepatic cytoplasm have many ___________ and ________
Mitochondria and microbodies
Mitochondria and microbodies serve what purpose in the hepatocyte?
Convert toxic bilirubin into bilirubin glucuronide
What is the purpose of hepatocytes?
Remove foreign material from blood
Hepatocytes store _________ in the form of ________
Glucose
Glycogen
The ________ (organ) is a major sugar retainer
Liver
Sinusoids ______ blood flow rate
Decrease
Deoxygenated blood enters through the __________
Portal vein
Oxygenated blood enters through the __________
Hepatic artery
Blood entering the portal vein is from what?
GI tract
Blood entering the hepatic artery is what?
Regular artery blood - delivering nutrients and oxygen…
Any material that makes it to the ___________ can go systemic
Central vein
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate (remove H2O) bile
The mucosa of the gallbladder is lined with what type of epithelium?
Simple columnar with microvilla
The lamina propria of the gallbladder has many _______
Folds
Gallbladder cells can secrete ________
Mucous
What goes around the circumference of a gland in the gallbladder?
Thin layer of smooth muscle
What is outside the muscular layer of the gallbladder gland?
Perimuscular CT with serosa
What is the function of the muscular layer of smooth muscle of the gallbladder?
To expel bile
What is bile?
An emulsifier - used to break down lipids
Bile does not _______ molecules, it just makes them ________
Degrade
Smaller
Water is absorbed into the ________ in the gallbladder
Blood vessels
