Nervous System 6 Flashcards
_____ are the peripheral organs of gustation
Taste Papillae
Taste papillae contain _____ which are the functional units of gustation
Taste buds
Are test receptors cells are epithelial cells or neurons?
Epithelial cells
_____ are chemicals that can activate a taste receptor cell
Tastants
T/F: All tastants must dissolve in saliva
True
T/F: Individual taste receptor cells may be sensitive to a specific taste stimulus, but many taste receptor cells have receptors for multiple taste types.
True
___ is vital for normal gustation
Olfaction
What 2 taste are ion channel linked receptors?
Sour and salty
What 3 tastes are accounted for by the taste receptor genes? (TR1 and TR2) (g-protein)
Sweet, bitter, and umami
Stimulated by H+, Protective taste b.Multiple candidate receptors a.Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), H+ channels, blockade of K+ channels b.All potential mechanisms lead to depolarization of receptor cells
Sour taste
___ taste a.Lots of stimuli: sugars, glycols, alcohols, artificial sweeteners (saccharine, aspartame, sucralose)b.T1R receptor family is important. Specifically, T1R2 & T1R3 proteins make a dimer that is G-protein linked i.Broadly sensitive to sweet-tasting substances. ii.Sweet receptors are usually NOT on the same cells as bitter & umami.
Sweet Taste
____ taste a.Stimuli are usually organic: K+, denatonium, caffeine, strychnine, quinine, nicotine, broccoli, brussel sprouts b.Protective taste: highest number of receptors and lowest threshold for perception c.Multiple Receptors (50-80) in T2R family
Bitter Taste
____ salts are colorless and odorless solids that are used to prevent inappropriate ingestion
Denatonium salts
____ taste a.Stimulated mostly by Na+ and somewhat by Cl- b.Receptor: i.ENaC (Na+ channel) ii.Cl- via paracellular transport?
Salty.
___ taste Stimulus: monosodium glutamate, enhanced by ribonucleotides b.Receptor: i.Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGLuR4 receptor)
Umami
Which taste tends to have lowest threshold?
Bitter
Taste specificity is best at ____ ligand concentrations
low