Intro and Homeostasis Flashcards
Process of maintaining a relatively constant/stable internal environment (set point) in spite of changing external environments.
Homeostasis
Outside body is ___- environment
external environment
Inside body, outside cells is _____ environment
internal environment
Inside cells is _____ environment
intracellular environment
levels change over short periods of time but remain relatively constant over long periods of time.
dynamic constancy
Is homeostasis dynamic or static?
Dynamic
A _____ state requires energy input
steady state
When homeostasis is maintained, we refer to ______
physiology
when homeostasis is not maintained, we refer to ______
pathophysiology
Environment outside of the cell, Necessary for normal cell function; Local vs. Systemic
Extracellular fluid
Restricted to one tissue space; Utilizes Paracrines and Autocrines; Maintain Function of Tissue is _____ extracellular fluid
Local extracellular fluid
Involves entire body, Utilizes Nervous System and Endocrine system, Maintain Function of Heart and Brain is ____ extracellular fluid
Systemic extracellular fluid
Endocrine and Nervous system are considered _____ extracellular fluid homeostasis
Systemic
Paracrines and Autocrines are considered _____ extracellular fluid homeostasis
Local
Target cells in close proximity to site of release of ______ substance
paracrine
______ substance acts on same cell that secreted the substance
Autocrine
____ is the first part of the outline of systemic homeostasis; includes changes in ECF composition, body temp, bp, etc.
Stimulus
Detects changes in [substance] ECF in outline of systemic homeostasis; Can be Cluster of cells, individual cells, cell parts or molecules in membrane or cytoplasm of cell
Reflex Receptor
Determines amplitude of normal range; minimum stimulus required to activate the reflex receptor
threshold stimulus (sensitivity)
Carries information from Reflex Receptors to Integrating Center; NS Reflexes only; Sensory Neurons
Afferent pathway
Does endocrine system have an afferent pathway?
No
Receives stimulus, analyzes information and generates appropriate response
Integrating Center
What is the integrating center of nervous system?
Brain/Spinal cord
What is the integrating center of endocrine system?
Endocrine gland
Carries commands from integrating center to effectors
Efferent Pathway
What is the efferent pathway of nervous system?
motor neurons
What is the efferent pathway of endocrine system?
Hormones
Any cell affected by Efferent Pathway (change in function)
Effector
how cell (effector) function is changed by the Efferent Pathway
Local Effector Response
how ECF (whole body) changed by local effector response.
Systemic Effector Response
T/F: Different Efferent Pathways can create the same systemic effector response while having different local effector responses.
True
How Systemic Effector Response changes the function of the Reflex Receptor
Feedback Regulation
decreases activity shutting off pathway (homeostatic); values fluctuate around the set point
Negative Feedback
increases activity further activating pathway (non-homeostatic)
Positive Feedback
________ of activity says: At rest, a homeostatic pathway is neither completely shut off or fully active
Tonic Level of activity
____ control: In many instances a single systemic effector response is controlled by two different efferent pathways but in opposite directions.
Antagonistic control
____ explanation describes how something happens
Mechanistic Explanation
___ explanation describes why something happens
Teleological Explanation
