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MCAT > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

sensor

A

afferent move towards CNS

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2
Q

motor

A

efferent, carry towards effector organs

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3
Q

CNS components

A

brain

spinal cord

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4
Q

Voluntary Muscle movement responsible by what

A

somatic nervous system

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5
Q

involuntary Muscle movement responsible by what

A

Autonomic
effects visceral organs
1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic

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6
Q

effector

A

from CNS to body

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A 
fight or flight
increase BP, heart rate
pupils dilated
glucose breakdown 
more blood to muscles than digestive system
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8
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

body to rest
Decrease heart rate, BP
Less blood to muscles, more to digestive system.
Pupil constriction.
Synthesizes glycogen for storage from glucose.

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9
Q

reflex arc

A

receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

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10
Q

role of spinal cord in reflexes

A

provides synapse for the reflex arc

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11
Q

proprioceptor

A

senses the position of a body part, located in muscle and connective tissue.

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12
Q

somatic sensors

A 
mechanoreceptor
thermoreceptor
photoreceptor
chemoreceptor
nocioreceptor
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13
Q

mechanoreceptor

A

touch, pressure

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14
Q

thermoreceptor

A

temperature change

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15
Q

photoreceptor

A

light

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16
Q

chemoreceptor

A

taste, smell

17
Q

nocioreceptor

A

pain

18
Q

olfaction

A
  1. Chemicals enter the nose via nostrils.
  2. Gets into the nasal cavity.
  3. Trapped in the mucus on top of the nasal cavity.
  4. Picked up by the membrane receptors on cilia (non-mobile, but they increase the surface area) of the olfactory receptor cell.
  5. Causes cell depolarization, and subsequent transduction of signal to the bra
19
Q

taste

A
  1. Chemicals dissolve in saliva.
  2. Carried inside taste bud
  3. Hair-like microvilli of taste cells inside taste bud picks up chemicals.
  4. Releases neurotransmitters to send signal to brain.
20
Q

mechanism of hearing

A
  1. Sound enters ear.
  2. Hits ear drum (tympanic membrane)
  3. Malleus (hammer) → Incus (anvil) → Stapes (stirrup)
  4. Vibrates fluid in Cochlea.
  5. Transmits to fluid in Cochlea.
  6. Cochlear hair cells excited by vibrations, and sends signal to brain.
21
Q

Rhodopsin

A

chemical responsible for light reception

22
Q

light converts?

A

cis to trans

23
Q

trans retinal causes

A

hyperpolarization of photoreceptor cell, which prompts the chain of events that sends signal to the brain.

signal to brain via a bundle of nerves on the back of the retina (where the blind spot is)

24
Q

eye structure

A

Light first travels through the cornea
Through the pupil (hole in the iris muscle)
Lens = focuses light on retina.
Vitreous humor = fluid.
Retina = screen on the back of the eye = contains photoreceptors.

25
Q

visual image processing

A

The lens of the eye, just like a convex lens in physics, forms a real image on the retina.
Real images are inverted.
The brain processes this inverted image to make it seem upright in your mind.
The brain combines the two images from each eye to make a 3D image, from which you can judge distance.
Another reason for combining the two images from both eyes is that it gets rid of the blind spot in each eye.

26
Q

Schwann cells location

A

PNS

27
Q

Oligodendrocytes location

A

CNS

28
Q

Astrocytes

A

CNS

29
Q

MIcroglia

A

Remove dead cells and debris

30
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

Medulla

A

regulates autonomic functions- blood pressure and and digestive functions

32
Q

Pons

A

coordinates movement

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

complex movements, balance and antigravity posture

34
Q

thalamus

A

sensory information

35
Q

hypothalamus

A

controlling emotions and autonomic functions

36
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement

reasoning skills

37
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensation

38
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual

39
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory and olfactory

MCAT (9 decks)

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