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MCAT > Eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic cells Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

nucleolus function

A

ribosome factory

transcription of rRNA

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2
Q

protein synthesized on rough er

A

extracellular environment
integral protein
membrane or interior of ER, Golgi, or lysosome

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3
Q

target signals

A

needed for proteins going through the path but end up elsewhere

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4
Q

localization signals

A

proteins sent to another organelle not in the path

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5
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

protein modification in RER
sorting and sending proteins to correct destinations
synthesis of macromolecules

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6
Q

lysosome function

A

degradation of bio macromolecules

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7
Q

peroxisomes function

A

lipid breakdown

in liver assist with detoxification of drugs and chemicals

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8
Q

3 common lipids of eukaryotic plasma membrane

A

phospholipid
glycolipid
cholesterol

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9
Q

integral protein

A

embedded in pm

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10
Q

peripheral protein

A

no embedded in pm, stuck to integral proteins by h hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions

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11
Q

colligative properties

A

depend on the number of solute particles in the solution

boiling, freezing, vapor pressure, and osmotic pressure

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12
Q

vapor pressure depression

A

pressure exerted by the gaseous phase of a liquid that evaporated from the exposed surface of the liquid

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13
Q

the weaker the intermolecular forces, the _____

A

higher its vapor pressure and more easily it evaporates

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14
Q

diffusion

A

tendency of liquids and gases to occupy the available volume.move to equilibrium

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15
Q

osmosis

A

solvent diffuses instead of solute

net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute to higher solute concentration

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16
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure that would take to stop osmosis

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17
Q

passive transport

A

thermodynamically favorable movement of solute across a membrane

18
Q

types of passive transport

A

simple and facilitated diffusion

19
Q

simple diffusion

A

movement without a protein

20
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

movement down a gradient when membrane is impermeable to solute

21
Q

types of proteins that help with facilitated diffusion

A

channel proteins and carrier proteins

22
Q

types of facilitated diffusion channels

A

gated
voltage gate
ligand gate

23
Q

types of facilitated diffusion carriers

A

uniports and sumports

24
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules through the PM against a gradient

requires energy input and protein

25
Q

primary and secondary active transport

A

1- coupled with ATP hydrolysis

2- not directly coupled with ATP

26
Q

Importance of Na/K ATPase

A
  1. maintain osmotic balance btwn cell interior and exterior
  2. establish resting membrane potential
  3. provide sodium concentration gradient used to drive 2nd active transport
27
Q

types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis

28
Q

single transduction

A

when the binding of a liana to a receptor causes triggers a response within the cell

29
Q

types of signal tranducing cell surface receptors

A

ligand gated ion
catalytic
g protein linked

30
Q

types of proteins in cytoskeleton

A

microtubulles
intermediate
microfilaments

31
Q

microtubules

A

contain alpha and beta tubulin

32
Q

contractile protein

A

dynein

33
Q

microfilaments

A

formed from polymerization of actin

34
Q

intermediate filaments

A

thick

35
Q

example of desmosomes

A

epithelial skin cell but dont form a complete seal

36
Q

example of tight junction

A

forming a tight seal

37
Q

gap junctions

A

form pore like connections between adjacent cells

38
Q

cell cycle

A

g1
s
g2
m

39
Q

mitosis

A

pmat

40
Q

responsible for apoptosis

A

caspases

initiator and effector

41
Q

senescence

A

process of biological again that occurs at both the cellular and organismal level

MCAT (9 decks)

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