Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

nucleolus function

Answer 1

ribosome factory

transcription of rRNA

Question 2

protein synthesized on rough er

Answer 2

extracellular environment
integral protein
membrane or interior of ER, Golgi, or lysosome

Question 3

target signals

Answer 3

needed for proteins going through the path but end up elsewhere

Question 4

localization signals

Answer 4

proteins sent to another organelle not in the path

Question 5

golgi apparatus function

Answer 5

protein modification in RER
sorting and sending proteins to correct destinations
synthesis of macromolecules

Question 6

lysosome function

Answer 6

degradation of bio macromolecules

Question 7

peroxisomes function

Answer 7

lipid breakdown

in liver assist with detoxification of drugs and chemicals

Question 8

3 common lipids of eukaryotic plasma membrane

Answer 8

phospholipid
glycolipid
cholesterol

Question 9

integral protein

Answer 9

embedded in pm

Question 10

peripheral protein

Answer 10

no embedded in pm, stuck to integral proteins by h hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions

Question 11

colligative properties

Answer 11

depend on the number of solute particles in the solution

boiling, freezing, vapor pressure, and osmotic pressure

Question 12

vapor pressure depression

Answer 12

pressure exerted by the gaseous phase of a liquid that evaporated from the exposed surface of the liquid

Question 13

the weaker the intermolecular forces, the _____

Answer 13

higher its vapor pressure and more easily it evaporates

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

tendency of liquids and gases to occupy the available volume.move to equilibrium

Question 15

osmosis

Answer 15

solvent diffuses instead of solute

net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute to higher solute concentration

Question 16

osmotic pressure

Answer 16

pressure that would take to stop osmosis

Question 17

passive transport

Answer 17

thermodynamically favorable movement of solute across a membrane

Question 18

types of passive transport

Answer 18

simple and facilitated diffusion

Question 19

simple diffusion

Answer 19

movement without a protein

Question 20

facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

movement down a gradient when membrane is impermeable to solute

Question 21

types of proteins that help with facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

channel proteins and carrier proteins

Question 22

types of facilitated diffusion channels

Answer 22

gated
voltage gate
ligand gate

Question 23

types of facilitated diffusion carriers

Answer 23

uniports and sumports

Question 24

active transport

Answer 24

movement of molecules through the PM against a gradient

requires energy input and protein

Question 25

primary and secondary active transport

Answer 25

1- coupled with ATP hydrolysis | 2- not directly coupled with ATP

Question 26

Importance of Na/K ATPase

Answer 26

1. maintain osmotic balance btwn cell interior and exterior 2. establish resting membrane potential 3. provide sodium concentration gradient used to drive 2nd active transport

Question 27

types of endocytosis

Answer 27

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 28

single transduction

Answer 28

when the binding of a liana to a receptor causes triggers a response within the cell

Question 29

types of signal tranducing cell surface receptors

Answer 29

ligand gated ion catalytic g protein linked

Question 30

types of proteins in cytoskeleton

Answer 30

microtubulles intermediate microfilaments

Question 31

microtubules

Answer 31

contain alpha and beta tubulin

Question 32

contractile protein

Answer 32

dynein

Question 33

microfilaments

Answer 33

formed from polymerization of actin

Question 34

intermediate filaments

Answer 34

thick

Question 35

example of desmosomes

Answer 35

epithelial skin cell but dont form a complete seal

Question 36

example of tight junction

Answer 36

forming a tight seal

Question 37

gap junctions

Answer 37

form pore like connections between adjacent cells

Question 38

cell cycle

Answer 38

g1 s g2 m

Question 39

mitosis

Answer 39

pmat

Question 40

responsible for apoptosis

Answer 40

caspases | initiator and effector

Question 41

senescence

Answer 41

process of biological again that occurs at both the cellular and organismal level