Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Nervous system function and subdivisions

A
  • Sensory ns
    • Contains receptors
    • Transmits info from receptors to CNS
    • Afferent
  • Somatic Sensory
    • Receives info from skin joints, skeletal muscles
  • Visceral Sensory
    • Recieves info from viscera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Motor NS function and subdivisions

A
  • Motor NS
    • Transmits info from CNS to effectors (muscles)
    • Efferent
  • Somatic Motor
    • Voluntary
    • Innervates Skeletal Muscle
  • Autonomic Motor
    • Involuntary
    • innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unipolar

Bipolar

Multipolar

A

Unipolar neurons- Sensory

Bipolar neurons- special senses

Multipolar Neurons- Motor neurons, interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nerves wrappings

A
  • Endoneurium- wraps neurons
  • Perineurium wraps fasciae
  • Epineurium- wraps bundles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sections of Brain

A

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Diecephalon

Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cerebrum Anatomy

A
  • Concius thought
  • 2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
  • Gyri and sulci increase surface area
  • gyri bumps
  • sulci valleys
  • Gray matter on outside white on inside
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebrum Sulcus and fissure

A
  • Centrul sulcus (Frontal and parietal
  • Lateral sulcus (around temporal)
  • Parietooccipital sulcus (around occipital)
  • Longitudinal fissure seperates hemispheres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cerebrum Lobes and functions

A
  • Frontal lobe
    • conscious thought, personality, emotions, motor movement, motor aspect of speech (broca)
  • Parietal lobe
    • sensory, temp pain touch, sensory aspect of speech Wernickes
  • Temporal lobe
    • Auditory
  • Occipital
    • Vision
  • Insula
    • Taste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Homunculus

Consists of

A
  • Precentral Gyrus, Primary MOTOR cortex
    • part of frontal lobe
  • Postcentral Gyrus, Primary Somatosensory cortex
    • Part of parietal lobe
    • face and teeth consist of a lot of sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

A

Analytical thought

speech language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Senses, recognition, artistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Association tracts

Commisural tracts

Projection tracts

A
  • Tracts: electrical pathways
  • Association tracts
    • Communicate within the smae hemisphere
  • Commisural tracts
    • between hemispheres
  • Projection tracts
    • brain to spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gray Matter Basal Nuclei

A

Masses of gray matter imbedded in white matter

Involved with cordinating muscle movement, walking lifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diencephalon Parts

A

Thalamus-send info to appropriate area of brain

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parts of epithalamus

A

Habenula

Pineal gland- controls circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parts of Hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland attached to hypothalamus by infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypothalamus Functions

A
  • BEETS HAMS
    • Behavior
    • Emotion
    • Endocrine
    • Temperature control
    • Sleep
    • Hunger/ thirst
    • Autonomic control
    • Memory
    • Sexual maturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cerebellum location and what is it covered with

A

Located inposterior cranial fossa

covered with tentorium cerebelli, tough connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cerebellum Anatomy

A
  • Inner white matter also called arbor vitae
  • Seperated into 2 hemispheres
  • Each hemispheres has 2 lobes
  • Vermis seperates lobes
  • Folia instead of gyri/sulci
  • Anterior lobe
    • paleocerebellum
    • coarse movement
  • Posterior lobe
    • Neocerebellum
    • fine movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

Fine tunes muscle movements

Balance/equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brainstem characteristics

A
  • Bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord
  • Contains many autonomic and reflex centers
  • essential for survivl
  • point of attachment for ccranial nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brainstem anatomy

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Pons

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Medulla functions

A

Reflexes- coughing sneezing vomiting

Allows brain to talk with spinal cord

Control complex autonomic reflexes- blood flow, set breathing rhythm

Controls visceral funtions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pons function
Nucle involved with breathing Nuclei process and relay info between cerebellum
26
Limbic system
Extreme and raw emotion, cortex controls it Alcohol allows for these emotions to come out
27
Meninges Structure
* CT surrounding brain an spinal cord * Dura * tough, * Periosteal touches skull * Meningeal touches arachnoid * Arachnoid Mater * CSF flows though * Pia mater * first layer of brain
28
What are Dural Venous Sinuses
Space between periosteal and meningeal Where CSF is released to blood stream
29
Meningeal Spaces
* Epidural Space * potential * Subdural space * potential * Subarachnoid space * True space * spinal tap
30
Dural Septas Falx Cerebri Tentorium Cerebelli Falx cerebelli Diaphragama Sellae
1. Falx cerebri 1. Between cerebral hemispheres 2. Tentorium Cerebelli 1. Seperates cerebellum and cerebrum 3. Falx cerebelli 1. Divides cerebellar hemispheres 4. Diaphragm Sellae 1. covers sella turcica 2. Infundibulum travels though
31
Dural Venous Sinuses
Superior Sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Confluence of sinuses, where all 3 come together
32
Brain Ventricles
1. Lateral ventricles 2. Interventricular foramen 3. Third ventricle (either side of thalamus) 4. Cerebral aqueduct 5. Fourth ventricle 6. Septum Pellucidum seperates the left and right of lateral ventricle 7. These are filled with CSF
33
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Location and composition
* Produced in choroid plexus * Clear colorless fluid * Circulates though the ventricles and subarachnoid space surrounding CNS
34
CSF Circulation
Created in choroid plexus in ventricles Travels though spinal cord Into subarachnoid space To arachnoid villi Arachnoid granulations Back to venous circulation
35
What are the parts of the spinal cord
Cervical cord C1-8 Thoracic cord T1-12 Lumbar cord L1-5 Sacral cordS1-5 Spinal cord ends at CONUS MEDULLARIS L1 Then branches into Cauda Equina (big bundle)
36
What neurons are in the Anterior Gray horn Posterior Gray Horn
Anterior gray horn- MOTOR Posterior gray horn- Sensory
37
38
What is found within the gray matter
* Gray matter * Anterior gray horn * motor * Posterior gray horn * sensory * Lateral gray horn * autonomic
39
What is found in the white matter
Anterior funicuus Lateral funiculus Posterior funiculus
40
How many pairs of spinal nerves and where
* 31 pairs * 8 cervical * 12 thoracic * 5 lumbar * 5 sacral * 1 coccygeal
41
Spinal Nerves
1. Dorsal root ganglion- thicker because of neurons fat heads 2. Ventral root 1. Joining of ventral and dorsal roots=spinal cord 3. Dorsal branch 4. Ventral branch 5. White rami communicantes 6. Gray rami communicantes
42
What are the 4 branches (rami) of spinal nerves
* Outside the vertebral column the spinal nerves split * Dorsal Branch or posterior ramus * Ventral branch or anterior ramus * Rami communicantes * Meningeal Brach
43
Dorsal Branch function
Carries afferent information from skin and skeletal muscles
44
Ventral branch function
Ventral branch (anterior ramus) carries effferent information to skeletal and smooth muscle
45
Rami Communicantes function
* Communicating branch between spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk * Conveys autonomic signals for the sympathetic system * Autonomic nerves cary visceral motor and sensory info to and from visceral organs * Consists of White rami communicantes (contains extran myelin sheath) and gray communicantes
46
White rami communicantes function
* Cary Preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the spinal cord to the paravertebral ganglia
47
Gray Rami Communicantes function
* Carry postganglionic sympathetic nerves from paravertebral ganglia to destination * Blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili
48
Meningeal Branch
Dura Pia Arachnoid mater
49
Dermatomes
Area of skin supplied by the branches of a single nerve
50
Cranial Nerves
1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 1. V1 Opthalmic 2. V2 Maxillary 3. V3 Mandibular 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibulocochlear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossal
51
Somatic NS
Operates under concious control Seldom affects long term survival Controls skeletal muscle
52
Autonomic NS
Operates without concious control controls visceral effectors Coordinates system functions Cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
53
What are the 3 major divisions of Autonomic NS
Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS Enteric NS
54
Somatic NS neuron paths
1 somatic sensory neuron to go toward spinal cord 1 somatic motor neuron out
55
Autonomic NS neuron paths
1 visceral sensory neuron in 2 autonomic motor neurons out
56
Chain of motor neurons
Chain of 2 motor neurons Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron
57
Ganglia in Symapathetic and Parasympatheic NS
* Sympathetic * Ganglia found closer to spinal cord * allows signals traveling into ganglion to triger a bunch of other neurons that lead to many effectors * Preganglion are short * Postganglion long * Parasympathetic * Ganglion are found out from spine * Near or in effector organs * Allows for more specific tranmissions * Preganglion long, post short *
58
Sympathetic NS pre and postganglion neurons
* Preganglionic neuron * Myelinated * short * extensive branching * Post ganglionic neuron * No myelin * long * Few branches
59
Para sympathetic NS Pre and Postganglionic Neuron structure
* Preganglionic neurons * Myelinated * long * few branches * Postganglionic Neurons * No myelin * short * few branches
60
Sympathetic NS Origin
Originate from thoracic to lumbar T1-L2 Called thoracolumbar division
61
Parasympathetic NS Origin
From base of brain and Scaral (tail bone) Brainstem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10) Sacral Spinal Cord Called Craniosacral division
62
Sympathetic ANS Ganglionic neurons and target organs
* Preganglionic neurons T1-L2 transmit to * Ganglionic Neurons and targets * Sympathetic chain ganglia (paired) * visceral effectors in thoracic cavity, head, body wall, limbs * Collateral ganglia (unpaired) * Visceral effectors in abdominal cavity * Adrenal Medullae (paireed) * Hormones released, organs and systems throughout body
63
Ganglionic Neurons of Sympathetic NS 2
* Sympathetic chain (paravertebral) ganglia * Lie on either side of spinal cord * Innervate organs in thoracic cavity and head * Collateral ( prevertebral) ganglia * Anterior to vertebra bodies * Innervate organs in abdominopelvic region
64
Sympathetic (paravertebral) Ganglia Contains
* Each chain has * 3 cervical ganglia * 10-12 thoracic ganglia * 4-5 lumbar ganglia * 4-5 sacral ganglia * 1 coccygeal ganglion
65
3 Cervical Ganglia
* Cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) * Superior * C1-C4 * Middle * C5 and C6 * Inferior * C7, C8 and T1
66
Collateral Ganglia Plexuses
* AKA Prevertebral Ganglia * Celiac Plexus * innervate digestive tract * 2 celiac ganglia * Superior mesenteric ganglion * 2 corticorenal ganglia * Arotic Plexus * inferior mesenteric ganglion * Superior Mesenteric plexus
67
Splanchnic Nerves
* Supply viscera of abdomen and pelvis * Sympathetic * Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves * Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves * Parasympathetic * Pelvic splanchnic nerves
68
Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion targets
Eye, salivary glands, heart and lung
69
Sympathetic innervation of head
Sympathetic fibers wrap aound carotid artery Forming carotid plexus
70
Parasympathetic NS CN to ganglionic neurons
* Nuclei in brain stem --\> ganglionic neurons * CN 3 --\> Ciliary ganglion * CN 7 --\> Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia * CN 9--\> Otic Ganglion * CN 10--\> Intramural ganglia (bunch of ganglia housed in organ) * Pelvic nerves--\> intramural ganglia
71
Anatomy of Parasympathetic Division
* Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers leave brain as components of cranial nerves * III Oculomotor, VII facial, IX Glossopharyngeal, X Vagus * Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers leave spinal cord at sacral level
72
Vagus Nerve
* Provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in * Neck * Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity as distal as distal large intestine * Majority of all parasympathetic outglow * Branches intermingle with sympathetic division
73
Enteric NS
Third division of ANS Gastrointestinal tract

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions