Synovial Joints Classification Ex

Diarthrosis Contain joint capsule and synovial membrane Ex Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee

Articulations Flashcards by Marina Pitcher

Tendons definition

Bands of dense regular connective tissue

Connect muscle to bone (via Sharpeys fibers)

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Ligaments def

Bands of dense regular CT

Connect bone to bone via Sharpeys fibers

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Bursae def

Flattened sacs of synovial membrane

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Fascia Def

Sheets of dense regular CT, envelop body

Secures muscle to tendon

Superficial and deep layers

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Aponeuroses def

Flat fiborous sheets or expanded broad tendons of dense regular connective tissue

Attach to muscles, Origin or insertion for flat muscles

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Functional Classifications

Synathrosis (immovable) Sagittal suture

Amphiarthrosis (Slightly movable)

Diarthrosis (freely movable)

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Structural Classifications

Fibrous (connected by fibrous tissue) sutures in skull

Cartilaginous (connected by cartilage)

Synovial (contains a joint cavity) Synovial membrane, movable

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Suture classification

Fiborous

Synathrosis

Connected by dense fiborous CT (btw bones of skull)

Sutural bone

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Gomphoses Classification

Fibrous

Synathrosis

Connected by periodontal ligaments

Mandible or maxilla and tooth

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Syndesmoses Classification

Fiborous

Amphiarthrosis

Connected by ligaments

Tibia and fibula

Radius and ulna

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Synchondrosis Classification

Cartilaginous

Synarthrosis

Connected by hylaine cartilage **

EX:

Costochondral joint

Epiphyseal plate

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Symphysis Classification and Ex

Cartilaginous

Amphiarthrosis

Connected by fibrocartilage

Pubic Symphysis

Intervertebral discs

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Synovial Joints

Classification

Diarthrosis

Contain joint capsule and synovial membrane

Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee

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Synovial Joint anatomy

Articular capsule
- Fibrous layer
- Synovial membrane
  - Synovial fluid
    - nutrient distribution
    - Shock Absorption
    - Lubrication
Joint Cavity

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Accessory Structures to Synovial Joint 7

Articular Cartilage

Bursae

Tendon

Tendon SHeath

Ligament

Menisci

Fat Pad

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Synovial Joint Diseases

Rheumatoid Arthritis- Autoimmune disease, attack articular cartilage, body forms bone spurs to protect

Osteoarthritis- Non inflammatory AKA arthritis common wear and tear

Gouty arthritis- Uric acid crystals

List the Classifications of Synovial Joints 6

Gliding or Planar

Hinge

Pivot

Condylar or ellipsoid

Saddle

Ball and socket

Gliding or planar

Intercarpal, sternocostal, acromicoclavicular

Least mobile

Hinge

Interphalangeal, ankle, knee

Pivot

Proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial

Condylar or ellipsoid

Metacarpaphalangeal, radiocarpal

Saddle

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Ball and socket

Hip and shoulder

Most mobile

Atlanto-occipital Joint

Located between the atlas and occipital condyles

Neck flexion and extension

Nod yes

Atlanto-axial joint

Located between the atlas and dens of the axis Neck rotation Shake NO

What are the 2 Intervertebral joint and where are they

* Symphysis * Btw vertebral bodies * Synovial, gliding * Btw articular processes

Intervertebral Ligaments 5

* Anterior longitudinal ligament * Posterior longitudinal ligament * Ligamentum flavum * Interspinous ligament * Supraspinous ligament * Ligamentum nuchae

2 segments of Intervertebral Disc and consistency

* Annulus fibrosus * Surrounding disc * Fibrocartilage * Nucleus pulposus * Inside of disc * Elastic, gelatinous

Shoulder joint classification and characteristics

* Glenohumeral joint * Head of humerus * Glenoid cavity of scapula * Most mobile * Least stable * Ball and socket

Shoulder ligaments 6

* Acromioclavicular * Coracohumeral * Transverse humeral * Coracoclavicular * Coracoacromial * Glenohumeral

Shoulder Bursae 4

Subdeltoid bursa Subacromial bursa Subcoracoid bursa Subscapular bursa

2 types of elbow joints and bones involved

* Humero-ulnar joint * Trochlea of humerus * Trachlear notch of ulna * Hinge joint * Humeroradial joint * Capitulum of humerus * Head of radius

Elbow ligaments 3

Radial collateral Annular Ulnar collateral

Hip joint

* Coxal joint * Head of femur * Acetabulum * Ball and socket

Hip ligaments 4

Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral Ligamentum teres

Knee Joint 3

* Tibiofemoral joint * Medial/lateral condyles of femur * Medial/lateral condyles of tibia * Patellarfemoral joint * Patella * Patellar surface of femur * Hinge joint

Knee ligaments 4 And location very imp

* Anterior cruciate ligament * Attached to anterior of tibia * Posterior of femur * Posterior cruciate ligament * Attached to posterior of tibia * Anterior of femur * Medial (tibial) collateral ligament * Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

Knee Menisci

* Menisci * Lateral meniscus * Medial meniscus * Fibrocartilage pad * Between femur and tibia