Nervous System

Question 1

part of the neuron the protrudes from the cell body

receives the stimulus

Answer 1

dendrites

Question 2

part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and metabolic machinery

Answer 2

cell body (cell soma)

Question 3

part of the neuron the transmits action potentials and nerve impulses
has a sheath composed of Schwann cells

Answer 3

axon

Question 4

sheath around axon composed of Schwann cells

speeds up the impulse since the impulse jumps from node to node (nodes of Ranvier)

Answer 4

myelin sheath

Question 5

nodes that separate Schwann cells

electrical impulses jump from node to node – speeds up transmission of nerve impulse

Answer 5

nodes of ranvier

Question 6

part of the neuron the secretes neurotransmitter into the synapse

Answer 6

synaptic terminals

Question 7

a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on the _______, causing an action potential

Answer 7

postsynaptic cell

Question 8

Neurotransmitters must either be _______ or _____ quickly (i.e. acetylcholine degraded by acetylcholinesterase)

Answer 8

reabsorbed or degraded

Question 9

3 effectors of a neuron

Answer 9

nerve, gland, or muscle

Question 10

connects the axon to the cell body

Answer 10

axon hillock

Question 11

impulses that travel the length of the axon and cause neurotransmitter to be released at the axon terminal

Answer 11

action potential

Question 12

membrane potential at which membrane is polarized
prior to being stimulated, a neuron is at its __________ potential, meaning there is a high [Na+] outside the cell and low [Na+] inside the cell and high [K+] inside the cell and low [K+] outside the cell.

Answer 12

resting potential

Question 13

At its resting potential, there is a high concentration of ________ outside the cell and a high concentration of ______ inside the cell.

Answer 13

high [Na+] outside

high [K+] inside

Question 14

At its resting potential, ______ cannot diffuse back into the cell, but ______ can diffuse out through its appropriate channel

Answer 14

Na+ can’t diffuse in

K+ can diffuse out through K+ channel

Question 15

At its resting potential, the _____ of the membrane is positive due to the concentration of Na+ and K+ ions.

Answer 15

positive.

Question 16

During an _______, the sodium channels open and the membrane is depolarized

Answer 16

action potential

Question 17

If a stimulus comes along which excites the cell sufficiently (to reach the threshold level), then an ________ will occur

Answer 17

action potential

Question 18

If an action potential is generated, the _____ channels open quickly and ions flood in with its concentration gradient. This results in depolarization of the cell (or reversal of polarity), and the action potential spreads down the neuron

Answer 18

Na+

Question 19

After the action potential, Na+ channels have shut, and the resting potential must be restored in a process called _____. This is accomplished by actively (using ATP) pumping 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in.

Answer 19

Repolarization

Question 20

type of neuron
afferent neurons - conducting toward central nervous system
travel from nerves to CNS

Answer 20

sensory neurons

Question 21

type of neuron
efferent neuron - conducting away from central nervous system
travel from CNS to nerves

Answer 21

motor neurons

Question 22

connect sensory and motor neurons

Answer 22

interneurons

Question 23

two major divisions of the nervous system

Answer 23

central and peripheral

Question 24

nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

Answer 24

central nervous system

Question 25

nervous system except for brain and spinal cord

Answer 25

peripheral

Question 26

two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

sensory

motor

Question 27

two divisions of the motor nervous system (of peripheral nervous system)

Answer 27

somatic: voluntary, skeletal muscle
autonomic: involuntary, cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 28

voluntary, skeletal muslces

Answer 28

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; somatic

Question 29

involuntary, cardiac and smooth muscle

Answer 29

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic

Question 30

two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 30

sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: rest and digest

Question 31

division of nervous system the deals with “Fight or flight”

stimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter

Answer 31

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic&raquo_space; sympathetic nervous system

Question 32

division of nervous system that deals with “rest and digest”
stimulated by acetylcholine neurotransmitter

Answer 32

peripheral nervous system&raquo_space; motor&raquo_space; autonomic&raquo_space; parasympathetic nervous system

Question 33

clusters of neurons

Answer 33

ganglia