Digestive System Flashcards
where mechanical and chemical digestion begins
digests starch
Enzyme: salivery amylaseq
mouth
enzyme produced from salivary glands
digests starch to maltose (a disaccharide)
salivary amylase
smooth muscle contraction
Ex: food moves down esophagus
paristalsis
Food moves down the esophagus by paristalsis to the stomach via the _______
cardia sphincter
digestion of protein begins
acidic environment (low pH)
Enzymes: HCl and Pepsinogen (deactivated form of pepsin)
stomach
Gastic glands produce _____, which makes the pH of the stomach very acidic.
HCl
_______ protects the stomach from the acidic material
musocal lining
_____ result when a portion of the mucosal lining is digested and a hole forms
Ulcers (stomach)
______ are digested in the stomach
Proteins
Enzyme that digests proteins
active at low (acidic) pH
Formed when pepsinogen is activated by HCl
Pepsin
mixture that forms in the stomach after proteins are digested in the stomach
digested proteins + gastric juice
chyme
major site of digestion and absorption
Enzymes produced:
lipase - lipid digestion
aminopeptidase - polypeptide digestion
disaccharidases - digestion of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
secretin - stimulates release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
small intenstine
enzymes produced in the small intestine
lipase
aminopeptidase
disaccharidases
secretin
enzyme used for lipid digestion
produced in small intenstine
lipase
enzyme used in polypeptide digestion
produced in small intestine
aminopeptidase
produced in small intestine
enzyme used to digest maltose, lactose, and sucrose (disaccharides)
disaccharidases
secreted in small intestine
enzyme that stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
secretin
Chyme moves into the small intestine via the _______
pyloric sphincter
3 sections of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
small intestine lined with _______, which increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the blood
villi (capillaries and lacteals)
organ that serves as storage of certain nutrients
detox of chemical and drugs from bloodstream
formation of urea
formation of glycogen from glucose or vice versa depending on body’s needs
production of bile which is stores in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine
liver
where is glycogen / glucose formed?
liver
where is bile produced?
liver
where is bile stored?
gall bladder
where is bile secreted to assist w/ digestion?
small intestine
substance produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and secreted into the small intestine
emulsified (breaks up in a physical rxn) fats
bile
organ that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine that contain hydrolytic enzymes
secretes sodium bicarbonate ions in to the small intestine to neutralize acidic chyme that came from the stomach
pancreas
Enzymes produced by pancrease in pancreatice juice
amylase - hydrolyze starch trypsin - hydrolyze protein chymotrypsin - hydrolyze protein pancreatic lipase - hydrolyze lipids sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme
two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that break down proteins
trypsin
chymotrypsin
enzyme secreted by the pancreas
hydrolyzes starch
amylase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas
hydrolyzes lipids
pancreatic lipase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas
neutralizes acidity of chyme
sodium bicarbonate
organ that serves as site of water reabsorption
large intestine / colon
What bacteria inhabits the large intestine? (product of Vitamin K)
E. coli
what organ serves as the storage site for solid waste?
rectum
Maltose is a disaccharide that can be hydrolyzed into ______.
2 glucose molecules
enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules
maltase
enzyme produced in the intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose
sucrase
enzyme produced in the intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose
lactase
enzyme produced in the gastric glands (chief cells)
functions in the stomach
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
active at low pH
pepsin
enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin
trypsin
enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
activated by trypsin
chymotrypsin
enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at carboxyl
carboxypeptidase
enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino
aminopeptidase
enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids
dipeptidases
enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
converts trypsinogen to trpysin
enterokinase
when chyme is present, the ______ secretes CCK (cholecystokinin) hormone into the blood
duodenum (part of small intestine)
_______ stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile
CCK hormone
_______ is made in the liver and emulsifies fat in the small intestine; it is not an enzyme
bile
