Digestive System

Question 1

where mechanical and chemical digestion begins
digests starch
Enzyme: salivery amylaseq

Answer 1

mouth

Question 2

enzyme produced from salivary glands

digests starch to maltose (a disaccharide)

Answer 2

salivary amylase

Question 3

smooth muscle contraction

Ex: food moves down esophagus

Answer 3

paristalsis

Question 4

Food moves down the esophagus by paristalsis to the stomach via the _______

Answer 4

cardia sphincter

Question 5

digestion of protein begins
acidic environment (low pH)
Enzymes: HCl and Pepsinogen (deactivated form of pepsin)

Answer 5

stomach

Question 6

Gastic glands produce _____, which makes the pH of the stomach very acidic.

Answer 6

HCl

Question 7

_______ protects the stomach from the acidic material

Answer 7

musocal lining

Question 8

_____ result when a portion of the mucosal lining is digested and a hole forms

Answer 8

Ulcers (stomach)

Question 9

______ are digested in the stomach

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

Enzyme that digests proteins
active at low (acidic) pH
Formed when pepsinogen is activated by HCl

Answer 10

Pepsin

Question 11

mixture that forms in the stomach after proteins are digested in the stomach
digested proteins + gastric juice

Answer 11

chyme

Question 12

major site of digestion and absorption
Enzymes produced:
lipase - lipid digestion
aminopeptidase - polypeptide digestion
disaccharidases - digestion of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
secretin - stimulates release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

Answer 12

small intenstine

Question 13

enzymes produced in the small intestine

Answer 13

lipase
aminopeptidase
disaccharidases
secretin

Question 14

enzyme used for lipid digestion

produced in small intenstine

Answer 14

lipase

Question 15

enzyme used in polypeptide digestion

produced in small intestine

Answer 15

aminopeptidase

Question 16

produced in small intestine

enzyme used to digest maltose, lactose, and sucrose (disaccharides)

Answer 16

disaccharidases

Question 17

secreted in small intestine

enzyme that stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

Answer 17

secretin

Question 18

Chyme moves into the small intestine via the _______

Answer 18

pyloric sphincter

Question 19

3 sections of the small intestine

Answer 19

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 20

small intestine lined with _______, which increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the blood

Answer 20

villi (capillaries and lacteals)

Question 21

organ that serves as storage of certain nutrients
detox of chemical and drugs from bloodstream
formation of urea
formation of glycogen from glucose or vice versa depending on body’s needs
production of bile which is stores in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine

Answer 21

liver

Question 22

where is glycogen / glucose formed?

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

where is bile produced?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

where is bile stored?

Answer 24

gall bladder

Question 25

where is bile secreted to assist w/ digestion?

Answer 25

small intestine

Question 26

substance produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and secreted into the small intestine emulsified (breaks up in a physical rxn) fats

Answer 26

bile

Question 27

organ that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine that contain hydrolytic enzymes secretes sodium bicarbonate ions in to the small intestine to neutralize acidic chyme that came from the stomach

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

Enzymes produced by pancrease in pancreatice juice

Answer 28

``` amylase - hydrolyze starch trypsin - hydrolyze protein chymotrypsin - hydrolyze protein pancreatic lipase - hydrolyze lipids sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme ```

Question 29

two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that break down proteins

Answer 29

trypsin | chymotrypsin

Question 30

enzyme secreted by the pancreas | hydrolyzes starch

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

enzyme secreted by the pancreas | hydrolyzes lipids

Answer 31

pancreatic lipase

Question 32

enzyme secreted by the pancreas | neutralizes acidity of chyme

Answer 32

sodium bicarbonate

Question 33

organ that serves as site of water reabsorption

Answer 33

large intestine / colon

Question 34

What bacteria inhabits the large intestine? (product of Vitamin K)

Answer 34

E. coli

Question 35

what organ serves as the storage site for solid waste?

Answer 35

rectum

Question 36

Maltose is a disaccharide that can be hydrolyzed into ______.

Answer 36

2 glucose molecules

Question 37

enzyme produced in intestinal glands functions in the small intestine hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules

Answer 37

maltase

Question 38

enzyme produced in the intestinal glands functions in the small intestine hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose

Answer 38

sucrase

Question 39

enzyme produced in the intestinal glands functions in the small intestine hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose

Answer 39

lactase

Question 40

enzyme produced in the gastric glands (chief cells) functions in the stomach hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds active at low pH

Answer 40

pepsin

Question 41

enzyme produced in the pancreas functions in small intestine hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin

Answer 41

trypsin

Question 42

enzyme produced in the pancreas functions in small intestine hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds activated by trypsin

Answer 42

chymotrypsin

Question 43

enzyme produced in the pancreas functions in small intestine hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at carboxyl

Answer 43

carboxypeptidase

Question 44

enzyme produced in intestinal glands functions in small intestine hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino

Answer 44

aminopeptidase

Question 45

enzyme produced in intestinal glands functions in small intestine hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids

Answer 45

dipeptidases

Question 46

enzyme produced in intestinal glands functions in small intestine converts trypsinogen to trpysin

Answer 46

enterokinase

Question 47

when chyme is present, the ______ secretes CCK (cholecystokinin) hormone into the blood

Answer 47

duodenum (part of small intestine)

Question 48

_______ stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile

Answer 48

CCK hormone

Question 49

_______ is made in the liver and emulsifies fat in the small intestine; it is not an enzyme

Answer 49

bile