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BIOLOGY 2: FOUNDATION REVIEW > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

where mechanical and chemical digestion begins
digests starch
Enzyme: salivery amylaseq

A

mouth

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2
Q

enzyme produced from salivary glands

digests starch to maltose (a disaccharide)

A

salivary amylase

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3
Q

smooth muscle contraction

Ex: food moves down esophagus

A

paristalsis

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4
Q

Food moves down the esophagus by paristalsis to the stomach via the _______

A

cardia sphincter

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5
Q

digestion of protein begins
acidic environment (low pH)
Enzymes: HCl and Pepsinogen (deactivated form of pepsin)

A

stomach

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6
Q

Gastic glands produce _____, which makes the pH of the stomach very acidic.

A

HCl

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7
Q

_______ protects the stomach from the acidic material

A

musocal lining

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8
Q

_____ result when a portion of the mucosal lining is digested and a hole forms

A

Ulcers (stomach)

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9
Q

______ are digested in the stomach

A

Proteins

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10
Q

Enzyme that digests proteins
active at low (acidic) pH
Formed when pepsinogen is activated by HCl

A

Pepsin

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11
Q

mixture that forms in the stomach after proteins are digested in the stomach
digested proteins + gastric juice

A

chyme

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12
Q

major site of digestion and absorption
Enzymes produced:
lipase - lipid digestion
aminopeptidase - polypeptide digestion
disaccharidases - digestion of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
secretin - stimulates release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

A

small intenstine

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13
Q

enzymes produced in the small intestine

A

lipase
aminopeptidase
disaccharidases
secretin

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14
Q

enzyme used for lipid digestion

produced in small intenstine

A

lipase

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15
Q

enzyme used in polypeptide digestion

produced in small intestine

A

aminopeptidase

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16
Q

produced in small intestine

enzyme used to digest maltose, lactose, and sucrose (disaccharides)

A

disaccharidases

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17
Q

secreted in small intestine

enzyme that stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

A

secretin

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18
Q

Chyme moves into the small intestine via the _______

A

pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

3 sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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20
Q

small intestine lined with _______, which increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the blood

A

villi (capillaries and lacteals)

21
Q

organ that serves as storage of certain nutrients
detox of chemical and drugs from bloodstream
formation of urea
formation of glycogen from glucose or vice versa depending on body’s needs
production of bile which is stores in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine

A

liver

22
Q

where is glycogen / glucose formed?

A

liver

23
Q

where is bile produced?

A

liver

24
Q

where is bile stored?

A

gall bladder

25
Q

where is bile secreted to assist w/ digestion?

A

small intestine

26
Q

substance produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and secreted into the small intestine
emulsified (breaks up in a physical rxn) fats

A

bile

27
Q

organ that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine that contain hydrolytic enzymes
secretes sodium bicarbonate ions in to the small intestine to neutralize acidic chyme that came from the stomach

A

pancreas

28
Q

Enzymes produced by pancrease in pancreatice juice

A 
amylase - hydrolyze starch
trypsin - hydrolyze protein
chymotrypsin - hydrolyze protein
pancreatic lipase - hydrolyze lipids
sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme
29
Q

two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that break down proteins

A

trypsin

chymotrypsin

30
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas

hydrolyzes starch

A

amylase

31
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas

hydrolyzes lipids

A

pancreatic lipase

32
Q

enzyme secreted by the pancreas

neutralizes acidity of chyme

A

sodium bicarbonate

33
Q

organ that serves as site of water reabsorption

A

large intestine / colon

34
Q

What bacteria inhabits the large intestine? (product of Vitamin K)

A

E. coli

35
Q

what organ serves as the storage site for solid waste?

A

rectum

36
Q

Maltose is a disaccharide that can be hydrolyzed into ______.

A

2 glucose molecules

37
Q

enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes maltose into 2 glucose molecules

A

maltase

38
Q

enzyme produced in the intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose

A

sucrase

39
Q

enzyme produced in the intestinal glands
functions in the small intestine
hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose

A

lactase

40
Q

enzyme produced in the gastric glands (chief cells)
functions in the stomach
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
active at low pH

A

pepsin

41
Q

enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin

A

trypsin

42
Q

enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
activated by trypsin

A

chymotrypsin

43
Q

enzyme produced in the pancreas
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at carboxyl

A

carboxypeptidase

44
Q

enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino

A

aminopeptidase

45
Q

enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids

A

dipeptidases

46
Q

enzyme produced in intestinal glands
functions in small intestine
converts trypsinogen to trpysin

A

enterokinase

47
Q

when chyme is present, the ______ secretes CCK (cholecystokinin) hormone into the blood

A

duodenum (part of small intestine)

48
Q

_______ stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile

A

CCK hormone

49
Q

_______ is made in the liver and emulsifies fat in the small intestine; it is not an enzyme

A

bile

BIOLOGY 2: FOUNDATION REVIEW (11 decks)

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