Circulatory System

Question 1

cells produced in bone marrow

Answer 1

blood cells

Question 2

liquid part of blood

aqueous mix of nutrients, wastes, hormones, blood proteins, gases, and salts

Answer 2

plasma

Question 3

blood cells that transport O2

Answer 3

red blood cells / erythrocytes

Question 4

blood cells that function in immunity

Answer 4

white blood cells / lympohcytes

Question 5

blood cells that function in clotting
release thromboplastin, which (along w/ cofactors Ca and Vit. K) converts inactive prothrombin to active thrombin
thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which surround blood cells to form the clot

Answer 5

platelets

Question 6

fluid in lymphatic system which is derived from tissue fluid

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

carry blood away from the heart
blood is usually oxygenated (except for in pulmonary _____)
blood is under high pressure
Aorta is the largest in the body

Answer 7

artery

Question 8

artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
only artery to carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 8

pulmonary artery

Question 9

decreasing in size: arteries

Answer 9

Aorta —> Artery —–> Arteriole

Question 10

carry blood to the heart
blood is usually deoxygenated (except for the pulmonary ___)
blood is at low pressure
vena cava is the largest in the body

Answer 10

vein

Question 11

vein that comes from the lungs into the heart carrying oxygenated blood

Answer 11

pulmonary vein

Question 12

decreasing in size: veins

Answer 12

Vena Cava —> Vein —–> Venule

Question 13

smallest blood vessels
site of gas exchange
connect arteries to veins
allow materials to diffuse in and out

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

circulatory pathway:

Answer 14

Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae&raquo_space; Right Atrium&raquo_space; Right Ventricle&raquo_space; Pulmonary Artery&raquo_space; Lungs&raquo_space; Pulmonary Vein&raquo_space; Left Atrium&raquo_space; Left Ventricle&raquo_space; Aorta&raquo_space; Body

Question 15

node found in the right atrium
pacemaker of the heart
stimulates the cardiac muscle to contract in a rhythmic manner

Answer 15

S-A node (Sinoatrial)

Question 16

(Clotting) at the site of a wound, platelets release ________, which initiates a rxn cascade in the blood.

Answer 16

thromboplastin

Question 17

(Clotting); ______, ______, and ________ convert prothrombin to thrombin.

Answer 17

Thromboplastin, Ca^2+, and Vitamin K

Question 18

(Clotting); Thrombin converts ______ into fibrin

Answer 18

fibrinogen

Question 19

(Clotting); ________ forms an insoluble protein network that traps red blood cells.

Answer 19

Fibrin

Question 20

3 portal systems in the body

blood flows through an extra capillary bed before returning to the heart

Answer 20

liver (hepatic)
kidney
brain (hypophyseal)

Question 21

connects right and left atria in fetal circulation

Answer 21

foramen ovale

Question 22

connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal circulation
shunts blood away from the lungs (along w/ foramen ovale)

Answer 22

ductus arteriosus

Question 23

connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava in fetal circulation
connecting umbilical circulation to central circulation

Answer 23

ductus venosus

Question 24

part of red blood cells
composed of 4 subunits
carry O2 and CO2
iron control binding and releasing

Answer 24

hemoglobin

Question 25

factors that lead to shift to the Right in oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 25

Increased temperature
Decreased pH
Increased P(CO2)

Question 26

O2 released to tissues enhanced when H+ __________ binds to Hb

Answer 26

allosterically binds

Question 27

Increase P(CO2) leads to _____ [H+] in blood

Answer 27

increased (directly proportional)

Question 28

______ are located on the surface of erythrocytes (RBCs) and determine blood type in a codominant mechanism

Answer 28

antigens

Question 29

Blood cells w/ Rh factor are _______ and produce no antibody

Answer 29

Rh+

Question 30

Blood cells w/ ____ lack antigen and produce an antibody.

Answer 30

Rh-