Excretory System Flashcards
the kidneys regulate the concentration of _________ in the blood through the formation and excretion of urine
salt and water
what is the functional unit of the kidneys?
nephron
what are three structures of the kidney?
renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis
Track blood through the kidney
enters via renal artery»_space;> afferent arterioles (in)»_space;> glomerulus / efferent arteriole (out of kidney)»_space;> renal vein
track fluid and minerals through structures of the nephron
bowman’s capsule»_space;> proximal convoluted tubule»_space;> descending loop of Henle»_space;> ascending loop of Henle»_space;> distal convoluted tubule»_space;> collecting duct
part of the nephron the surrounds the glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
the ionic gradient of interstitial fluid increases from the _____ to the _____
cortex»_space;> outer medulla»_space;> inner medulla
region of nephron in the renal cortex transported out: Na+, amino acids, vitamins, glucose (active) Cl-, H2O (passive) transported in: K+, H+, NH3, and Urea (active)
proximal convoluted tubule
region of nephron in the outer medulla
H20 passively transported out
descending loop of Henle
region of nephron in the inner medulla
Transported out: Cl- and Na+ (passive)
transported in: Urea (passive)
loop of Henle
region of nephron in the outer medulla
transported out: Cl- and Na+ (active)
ascending loop of Henle
region of nephron in the renal cortex
transported in: K+, H+, NH3 (active)
transported out: H2O (passive)
distal convoluted tubule
region of nephron in the outer and inner medulla
transported out: H2O, concentrated urine / Urea (passive)
has highest ionic gradient in interstitial fluid
leads to excretion via urethra
collecting duct
process in osmoregulation in the kidney
fluid and small solutes forced into Bowman’s capsule (entering nephron) as filtrate
filtration
where does filtration occur in the kidneys?
Bowman’s capsule (when entering the nephron)
process in osmoregulation in the kidney
nephron secretes substances from the interstitial fluid into the filtrate by both passive and active transport
secretion
process in osmoregulation in the kidney
essential substances (glucose, salts, and amino acids) and water are reabsorbed from the filtrate and returned to the blood
results in the formation of concentrated urine
reabsorption
what substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the kidney and returned to the blood?
glucose, salts, amino acids, water
the walls of the nephron are __________, which allows it to rabsorb nutrients, salts, and water from the filtrate and return them to the body, maintaining the bloodstream’s solute concentration
selectively permeable
by the time the filtrate exits the nephron, most of the _____ has been reabsorbed
water
the remaining fluid in the filtrate after most of the water has been absorbed in the collecting duct is composed of _____, ____, and other waste as it leaves the collecting tubule and exits the kidney.
urea
uric acid
Waste exits the kidney from the collecting duct via the ______, a duct leading to the bladder
ureter
urine is store in the _____ until it is excreted from the body through the urethra
bladder
excretory function of the lungs
eliminate CO2 and H2O
excretory function of the skin
eliminates H2O, salt, and urea through sweat
lowers body temperature
excretory function of the liver
processes nitrogenous wastes and poisons
what does increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water result in?
causes urine to be more concentrated
