Excretory System

Question 1

the kidneys regulate the concentration of _________ in the blood through the formation and excretion of urine

Answer 1

salt and water

Question 2

what is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

what are three structures of the kidney?

Answer 3

renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis

Question 4

Track blood through the kidney

Answer 4

enters via renal artery&raquo_space;> afferent arterioles (in)&raquo_space;> glomerulus / efferent arteriole (out of kidney)&raquo_space;> renal vein

Question 5

track fluid and minerals through structures of the nephron

Answer 5

bowman’s capsule&raquo_space;> proximal convoluted tubule&raquo_space;> descending loop of Henle&raquo_space;> ascending loop of Henle&raquo_space;> distal convoluted tubule&raquo_space;> collecting duct

Question 6

part of the nephron the surrounds the glomerulus

Answer 6

bowman’s capsule

Question 7

the ionic gradient of interstitial fluid increases from the _____ to the _____

Answer 7

cortex&raquo_space;> outer medulla&raquo_space;> inner medulla

Question 8

region of nephron in the renal cortex
transported out:
Na+, amino acids, vitamins, glucose (active)
Cl-,  H2O (passive)
transported in:
K+, H+, NH3, and Urea (active)

Answer 8

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

region of nephron in the outer medulla

H20 passively transported out

Answer 9

descending loop of Henle

Question 10

region of nephron in the inner medulla
Transported out: Cl- and Na+ (passive)
transported in: Urea (passive)

Answer 10

loop of Henle

Question 11

region of nephron in the outer medulla

transported out: Cl- and Na+ (active)

Answer 11

ascending loop of Henle

Question 12

region of nephron in the renal cortex
transported in: K+, H+, NH3 (active)
transported out: H2O (passive)

Answer 12

distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

region of nephron in the outer and inner medulla
transported out: H2O, concentrated urine / Urea (passive)
has highest ionic gradient in interstitial fluid
leads to excretion via urethra

Answer 13

collecting duct

Question 14

process in osmoregulation in the kidney

fluid and small solutes forced into Bowman’s capsule (entering nephron) as filtrate

Answer 14

filtration

Question 15

where does filtration occur in the kidneys?

Answer 15

Bowman’s capsule (when entering the nephron)

Question 16

process in osmoregulation in the kidney

nephron secretes substances from the interstitial fluid into the filtrate by both passive and active transport

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

process in osmoregulation in the kidney
essential substances (glucose, salts, and amino acids) and water are reabsorbed from the filtrate and returned to the blood
results in the formation of concentrated urine

Answer 17

reabsorption

Question 18

what substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the kidney and returned to the blood?

Answer 18

glucose, salts, amino acids, water

Question 19

the walls of the nephron are __________, which allows it to rabsorb nutrients, salts, and water from the filtrate and return them to the body, maintaining the bloodstream’s solute concentration

Answer 19

selectively permeable

Question 20

by the time the filtrate exits the nephron, most of the _____ has been reabsorbed

Answer 20

water

Question 21

the remaining fluid in the filtrate after most of the water has been absorbed in the collecting duct is composed of _____, ____, and other waste as it leaves the collecting tubule and exits the kidney.

Answer 21

urea

uric acid

Question 22

Waste exits the kidney from the collecting duct via the ______, a duct leading to the bladder

Answer 22

ureter

Question 23

urine is store in the _____ until it is excreted from the body through the urethra

Answer 23

bladder

Question 24

excretory function of the lungs

Answer 24

eliminate CO2 and H2O

Question 25

excretory function of the skin

Answer 25

eliminates H2O, salt, and urea through sweat

lowers body temperature

Question 26

excretory function of the liver

Answer 26

processes nitrogenous wastes and poisons

Question 27

what does increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water result in?

Answer 27

causes urine to be more concentrated