Endocrine System

Question 1

secretes hormones directly into blood

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

secretes hormone into a duct of a tube (i.e. enzymes)

Answer 2

exocrine system

Question 3

three types of hormones

Answer 3

steroid
peptide
amino acid derivatives

Question 4

region of the brain

secretes releasing hormones: TRH, GnRH

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

hormone released by hypothalamus

causes the thyroid to release thyroxine

Answer 5

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)

Question 6

hormone release by hypothalamus

controls release of gonotropic hormones (LH and FSH)

Answer 6

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Question 7

hormones stimulated by GnRH (released by hypothalamus)

Answer 7

LH (luteinizing hormone)

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Question 8

gland located at the base of the brain the stores and releases several hormones
anterior and posterior regions

Answer 8

pituitary gland

Question 9

hormones stored and released by the anterior pituitary

Answer 9

GH: Growth Hormone (somatotropin)
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
FSH: follicle stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone

Question 10

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates protein synthesis and promotes growth of bone

Answer 10

growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

Question 11

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates secretion of milk and development of breasts

Answer 11

prolactin

Question 12

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxine

Answer 12

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Question 13

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Answer 13

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Question 14

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary
stimulates growth of overian follicle
promotes formation of sperm in the testes
release stimulated by GnRH in the pituitary

Answer 14

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Question 15

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary
stimulates the ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
causes secretion of female sex hormones by the ovaries and testosterone by the testes
release stimulated by GnRH in the pituitary

Answer 15

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Question 16

hormone synthesized and released from posterior pituitary
accelerates childbirth by increasing uterine contractions during labor
“love” hormone

Answer 16

oxytocin

Question 17

hormone synthesized and released from posterior pituitary

decreases excretion of H2O by the kidneys

Answer 17

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

Question 18

gland in the human neck that regulates metabolism

Answer 18

thyroid gland

Question 19

hormone produced by the thyroid gland
regulates metabolism
increase in this results in an increase in the rate of cellular respiration and metabolisms

Answer 19

thyroxine

Question 20

condition caused by overactive thryoid
involves insomnia, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and weight loss
Extreme case would be Grave’s Disease

Answer 20

hyperthyroidism

Question 21

condition caused by underactive thyroid

involved lack of energy and can cause obesity

Answer 21

hypothyroidism

Question 22

hormone produced by the thyroid gland

inhibits the release of Ca2+ in the blood (by degrading bone)

Answer 22

calcitonin

Question 23

hormone produced by parathyroid gland
regulated mineral metabolism, regulation of calcium and phosphate
increases concentration of Ca2+ in blood (by breaking down bone)

Answer 23

parathormone

Question 24

hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

Answer 24

steroid hormones

Question 25

two types of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

Answer 25

glucocorticoids | mineralocorticoids

Question 26

type of steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex promotes formation of glucose from protein and fat decreases utilization of glucose by cells except of heart and brain suppresses inflammatory and immune response Ex: Cortisol

Answer 26

glucocorticoids

Question 27

type of steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex Ex: Aldosterone: reduces sodium excretion by the kidneys and increases potassium excretion increases sodium in the body while decreasing the amount of potassion

Answer 27

mineralocorticoids

Question 28

``` hormone produces in the adrenal cortex mineralocorticoid reduces sodium excretion by the kidneys and increases potassium excretion increases amount of sodium in the body decreases amount of K+ in the body ```

Answer 28

aldosterone

Question 29

gland that produces "fight or flight" hormones

Answer 29

adrenal medulla

Question 30

hormones produces / excreted by adrenal medulla

Answer 30

adrenaline / epinephrine | noradrenaline / norepinephrine

Question 31

hormone produced / excreted by adrenal medulla "fight or flight" response increases metabolic rate increased heart rate increased blood pressure increase glucose concentration in blood (glycogen and glucose) increase blood supply to skeletal muscle, brain, and heart decrease blood supply to kidneys, skin, and digestive system

Answer 31

adrenaline / epinephrine | also noradrenaline / norepinephrine

Question 32

hormones secretes by the pancreas

Answer 32

islets of Langerhans (alpha and beta cells)

Question 33

hormone secreted by the pancreas | secrete insulin and thus lowers blood sugar

Answer 33

beta cells

Question 34

stimulated by beta cells-hormones secreted by the pancreas stimulates the muscles to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to form and store glycogen lowers blood sugar level absence of this causes type 1 diabetes

Answer 34

insulin

Question 35

hormone secreted by the pancreas secrete glucagon stimulates the converstion of glycogen into glucose raises blood sugar level

Answer 35

alpha cells

Question 36

Thyroxine stimulation: hormone loop

Answer 36

TRH (Hypolthalamus) >>> TSH (anterior pituitary) >>> thyroxine (thyroid)

Question 37

Estrogen stimulation: hormone loop

Answer 37

GnRH (Hypothalamus) >>> FSH (anterior pituitary) >>> estrogen (ovary)

Question 38

what is the antagonistic hormone to Calcitonin (inhibits Ca2+ release from bone)

Answer 38

Parathormone - stimulates concentration of Ca2+ in blood

Question 39

What is the antagonistic hormone to Glucagon (stimulates release of glucose / glycogen into the blood, increases blood sugar)

Answer 39

Insulin - stimulates muscles to remove glucose from blood, stimulated liver to form and store glycogen, lowers blood sugar

Question 40

Hormone produced in the ovaries produced by growing corpus luteum in the ovaries moderate level helps control levels of GnRH, FSH, and LH helps develop and maintain many female reproductive structures

Answer 40

estrogen

Question 41

hormone produced in the ovaries mainly released by corpus luteum works with oestrogen to prepare the lining of the uterus for the implantation of a fertilised ovum High levels of progesterone control the levels of GnRH, FSH and LH

Answer 41

progesterone

Question 42

the pancreas produces enzymes that are used in digestion. these are ________ secretions

Answer 42

exocrine

Question 43

the Islets of Langerhans cells produce insulin and glucagon. These are both hormones secreted directly into the blood, or an ________ secretion

Answer 43

endocrine