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BIOLOGY 2: FOUNDATION REVIEW > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

secretes hormones directly into blood

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

secretes hormone into a duct of a tube (i.e. enzymes)

A

exocrine system

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3
Q

three types of hormones

A

steroid
peptide
amino acid derivatives

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4
Q

region of the brain

secretes releasing hormones: TRH, GnRH

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

hormone released by hypothalamus

causes the thyroid to release thyroxine

A

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)

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6
Q

hormone release by hypothalamus

controls release of gonotropic hormones (LH and FSH)

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

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7
Q

hormones stimulated by GnRH (released by hypothalamus)

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

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8
Q

gland located at the base of the brain the stores and releases several hormones
anterior and posterior regions

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

hormones stored and released by the anterior pituitary

A 
GH: Growth Hormone (somatotropin)
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
FSH: follicle stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone
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10
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates protein synthesis and promotes growth of bone

A

growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

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11
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates secretion of milk and development of breasts

A

prolactin

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12
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxine

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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13
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary

stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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14
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary
stimulates growth of overian follicle
promotes formation of sperm in the testes
release stimulated by GnRH in the pituitary

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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15
Q

hormone stores/released from anterior pituitary
stimulates the ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
causes secretion of female sex hormones by the ovaries and testosterone by the testes
release stimulated by GnRH in the pituitary

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

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16
Q

hormone synthesized and released from posterior pituitary
accelerates childbirth by increasing uterine contractions during labor
“love” hormone

A

oxytocin

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17
Q

hormone synthesized and released from posterior pituitary

decreases excretion of H2O by the kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

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18
Q

gland in the human neck that regulates metabolism

A

thyroid gland

19
Q

hormone produced by the thyroid gland
regulates metabolism
increase in this results in an increase in the rate of cellular respiration and metabolisms

A

thyroxine

20
Q

condition caused by overactive thryoid
involves insomnia, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and weight loss
Extreme case would be Grave’s Disease

A

hyperthyroidism

21
Q

condition caused by underactive thyroid

involved lack of energy and can cause obesity

A

hypothyroidism

22
Q

hormone produced by the thyroid gland

inhibits the release of Ca2+ in the blood (by degrading bone)

A

calcitonin

23
Q

hormone produced by parathyroid gland
regulated mineral metabolism, regulation of calcium and phosphate
increases concentration of Ca2+ in blood (by breaking down bone)

A

parathormone

24
Q

hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormones

25
Q

two types of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids

mineralocorticoids

26
Q

type of steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex
promotes formation of glucose from protein and fat
decreases utilization of glucose by cells except of heart and brain
suppresses inflammatory and immune response
Ex: Cortisol

A

glucocorticoids

27
Q

type of steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex
Ex: Aldosterone: reduces sodium excretion by the kidneys and increases potassium excretion
increases sodium in the body while decreasing the amount of potassion

A

mineralocorticoids

28
Q 
hormone produces in the adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoid
reduces sodium excretion by the kidneys and increases potassium excretion
increases amount of sodium in the body
decreases amount of K+ in the body
A

aldosterone

29
Q

gland that produces “fight or flight” hormones

A

adrenal medulla

30
Q

hormones produces / excreted by adrenal medulla

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

noradrenaline / norepinephrine

31
Q

hormone produced / excreted by adrenal medulla
“fight or flight” response
increases metabolic rate
increased heart rate
increased blood pressure
increase glucose concentration in blood (glycogen and glucose)
increase blood supply to skeletal muscle, brain, and heart
decrease blood supply to kidneys, skin, and digestive system

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

also noradrenaline / norepinephrine

32
Q

hormones secretes by the pancreas

A

islets of Langerhans (alpha and beta cells)

33
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas

secrete insulin and thus lowers blood sugar

A

beta cells

34
Q

stimulated by beta cells-hormones secreted by the pancreas
stimulates the muscles to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to form and store glycogen
lowers blood sugar level
absence of this causes type 1 diabetes

A

insulin

35
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas
secrete glucagon
stimulates the converstion of glycogen into glucose
raises blood sugar level

A

alpha cells

36
Q

Thyroxine stimulation: hormone loop

A

TRH (Hypolthalamus)&raquo_space;> TSH (anterior pituitary)&raquo_space;> thyroxine (thyroid)

37
Q

Estrogen stimulation: hormone loop

A

GnRH (Hypothalamus)&raquo_space;> FSH (anterior pituitary)&raquo_space;> estrogen (ovary)

38
Q

what is the antagonistic hormone to Calcitonin (inhibits Ca2+ release from bone)

A

Parathormone - stimulates concentration of Ca2+ in blood

39
Q

What is the antagonistic hormone to Glucagon (stimulates release of glucose / glycogen into the blood, increases blood sugar)

A

Insulin - stimulates muscles to remove glucose from blood, stimulated liver to form and store glycogen, lowers blood sugar

40
Q

Hormone produced in the ovaries
produced by growing corpus luteum in the ovaries
moderate level helps control levels of GnRH, FSH, and LH
helps develop and maintain many female reproductive structures

A

estrogen

41
Q

hormone produced in the ovaries
mainly released by corpus luteum
works with oestrogen to prepare the lining of the uterus for the implantation of a fertilised ovum
High levels of progesterone control the levels of GnRH, FSH and LH

A

progesterone

42
Q

the pancreas produces enzymes that are used in digestion. these are ________ secretions

A

exocrine

43
Q

the Islets of Langerhans cells produce insulin and glucagon. These are both hormones secreted directly into the blood, or an ________ secretion

A

endocrine

BIOLOGY 2: FOUNDATION REVIEW (11 decks)

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