Nervous system 2 Flashcards
peripheral nervous system(PNS)
外周神經系統
外周神經系統
peripheral nervous system(PNS)
central nervous system (CNS)
中央神經系統
中央神經系統
central nervous system(CNS)
ganglion
fluid-filled lumps that most often appear along the tendons or joints of wrists or hands (神經節：充滿液體的腫塊，經常出現在關節手腕和手上)
fluid-filled lumps that most often appear along the tendons or joints of wrists or hands
ganglion
spinal cord
脊髓
cranial nerves
腦神經
腦神經
cranial nerves
how many cranial nerves
12
spinal nerves
脊神經
脊神經
spinal nerves
how many spinal nerves
31
ganglia
神經節(神經膠質)
神經節(神經膠質)
ganglia
neurotransmitters (NT)
神經遞質
神經遞質
neurotransmitters (NT)
enteric plexus
腸叢：a collection of interconnected neurons that spans from the esophagus食道 to the rectum直腸.
a collection of interconnected neurons that spans from the esophagus to the rectum.
enteric plexus
gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
胃腸道壁
胃腸道壁
gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
plexus
神經叢：a network of nerves or vessels in the body.
a network of nerves or vessels in the body.
plexus
somatic nervous system
軀體神經系統
軀體神經系統
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
自主神經系統
自主神經系統
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic division
交感神經
交感神經
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division
副交感神經
副交感神經
parasympathetic division
afferent
傳入
傳入
afferent
efferent
傳出
傳出
efferent
somatic
軀體的
軀體的
somatic
visceral
內臟
內臟
visceral
innervate
支配
支配
innervate
visceral
本能的
本能的
visceral
involuntary
非自主的
非自主的
involuntary
voluntary
自主的
自主的
voluntary
axon
軸突
軸突
axon
myelin sheath
髓鞘
髓鞘
myelin sheath
endoneurium
神經內膜
神經內膜
endoneurium
神經內膜
endoneurium
perineurium
神經束膜
神經束膜
perineurium
epineurium
神經外膜
神經外膜
epineurium
fascicle
a bundle of structures
a bundle of structures
fascicle
dorsal root
背神經根：carry sensory neural signals to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
背神經根：carry sensory neural signals to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
dorsal (nerve) root
ventral root
the axons of basal plate motor neurons
the axons of basal plate motor neurons
ventral (nerve) root
how many cervical nerves
8
how many thoracic nerves
12
how many lumbar nerves
5
how many sacral nerves
5
how many coccygeal nerves
1
cauda equina
the roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves, which form a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column脊柱.
the roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves, which form a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column脊柱.
cauda equina
ramus = rami
分支
分支
ramus = rami
where does cervical nerves innervate
skin
where does brachial nerves innervate
upper limbs
sternocleidomastoid
胸鎖乳突肌
胸鎖乳突肌
sternocleidomastoid
where does lumbar nerves innervate
abdominal wall, anterior前面的 and medial內側的 thigh
where does sacral nerves innervate
buttocks臀部, lower limb, pelvis
where does cervical nerves locate
under the sternocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突肌
where does brachial nerves locate
neck and shoulder
where does lumbar nerves locate
psoas muscle腰大肌
where does sacral nerves locate
posterior to lumbar plexus腰叢後方
sciatic nerve
坐骨神經
坐骨神經
sciatic nerve (largest branch, )
how many nerve roots in the brachial plexus
5
how many nerve trunks in the brachial plexus
3
how many nerve cord in the brachial plexus
3
how many nerves peripheral nerves in the brachial plexus
5
what are the five important nerve branches from brachial plexus
musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar (MARMU)
where does CNI attach
cerebrum
where does CNII attach
diencephalon
where does CNIII-XII attach
brainstem
Where of the following regarding the PNS is false?
A. afferent nerves carry information toward the CNS
B. there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves
C. Nerve plexuses are formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves
D. Efferent nerves carry information away from the CNS
E. Spinal nerves carry only motor nerve fibres
E
Which of the following regarding the ANS is right?
A. Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons are short
B. Pupil dilation is due to parasympathetic stimulation
C. Decreased heart rate is due to sympathetic stimulation
D. Sympathetic ganglia are found close to the spinal cord
E. sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons are long
A
The atomic nervous system is part of the?
A. PNS
B. SNS
C. CNS
D. All of these choices
A
The somatic nervous system consists of pathway that control
A. The heart
B. The spinal cord
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Smooth muscle
C
Afferent impulses in peripheral nerves are conducted by
A. Sensory neurone towards the CNS
B. Sensory neurone away from the CNS
C. Motor neurone toward the CNS
D. Motor impulses away from the CNS
A
How many spinal nerves are there
A. 12
B. 31
C. 5
D. 62
B
A mixed spinal nerve has:
A. Dorsal and posterior root
B. Two sizes of neutrons
C. A sensory and an afferent component
D. Dorsal and ventral root
D
The inner most layer of connective tissue in the spinal nerve is the ____
A. Epineurium
B. Endoneurium
C. Perneurium
D. Myelin sheath
B
The cell body of sensory neurone lay within the CNS? T/F
F
There are 12 cervical nerves. T/F
F
Dorsal rami provide sensory and motor innervation to the skin & back muscles. T/F
T
