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BIOM1070 > Nervous system 1 > Flashcards

Nervous system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

神經元：excitable cells that transmit electrical signals for communication via sunapses突觸
(also, the basic functional unit of the nervous system)

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2
Q

neuroglia

A

神經膠質細胞：function-support & insulate隔離（more numerous than neurons）

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3
Q

神經元

A

neuron

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4
Q

神經膠質細胞

A

neuroglia

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5
Q

what does white matter include?

A

myelinated有髓的 axon/fibre: nerve fibers or extensions of neurons that are surrounded by a protective covering called myelin

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6
Q

what does grey matter include?

A

cell body(somas) and dendrites樹突

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7
Q

”有髓軸突“是神經纖維或神經元的延伸，被稱為髓磷脂的保護層包圍

A

myelinated axon

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8
Q

樹突

A

dendrites

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9
Q

cerebral hemisphere

A

大腦半球

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10
Q

大腦半球

A

cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

diencephalon

A

間腦

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12
Q

間腦

A

diencephalon

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

小腦

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14
Q

little brain

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

brainstem

A

腦幹

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16
Q

腦幹

A

brainstem

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17
Q

midbrain (mesencephalon)

A

中腦: contain nuclei for visual / auditory information & controls reflexes associated with these senses

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18
Q

A part of brainstem that contain nuclei for visual / auditory information & controls reflexes associated with these senses

A

midbrain (mesencephalon)

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19
Q

pons

A

腦橋: ascending上升, descending下降 and transverse橫向 (link to cerebellum小腦) tracts束, involved in control of respiration呼吸

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20
Q

A part of brainstem that has ascending上升, descending下降 and transverse橫向 (link to cerebellum小腦) tracts束, involved in control of respiration呼吸

A

pons

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21
Q

medulla oblongata

A

延腦: the autonomic reflex centre/most inferior下端 joins連接 to spinal cord at foramen孔 magnum枕骨 of skull

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22
Q

the autonomic reflex centre/most inferior下端 joins連接 to spinal cord at foramen孔 magnum枕骨 of skull

A

medulla oblongata

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23
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

腦縱裂

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24
Q

腦縱裂

A

longitudinal fissure

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25
Q

frontal lobe

A

額葉(primary motor area)

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26
Q

額葉

A

frontal lobe(primary motor area)

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27
Q

parietal lobe

A

頂葉(primary somatosensory體感)

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28
Q

頂葉

A

parietal lobe(primary somatosensory體感)

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29
Q

occipital lobe

A

枕葉(primary auditory)

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30
Q

枕葉

A

occipital lobe(primary auditory)

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31
Q

temporal lobe

A

顳葉(primary visual)

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32
Q

顳葉

A

temporal lobe (primary visual)

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33
Q

cerebral cortex

A

大腦皮層(outer grey matter)

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34
Q

outer grey matter

A

cerebral cortex

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35
Q

internal white matter

A

腦內白質

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36
Q

腦內白質

A

internal white matter

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37
Q

basal nuclei

A

基底核(grey matter located deep within the white matter)

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38
Q

grey matter located deep within the white matter

A

basal nuclei

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39
Q

what does association fibres do

A

connect different parts of the same hemisphere

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40
Q

what does commissural fibres do

A

connect grey area of two hemispheres

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41
Q

projection fibres

A

放射纖維

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42
Q

放射纖維

A

projection fibre

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43
Q

which two area have projection fibres?

A

corona radiata and internal capsule

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44
Q

corona radiata

A

輻射冠：a region in the cerebrum that consists of various types of white matter fibers

45
Q

a region in the cerebrum that consists of various types of white matter fibres

A

corona radiata

46
Q

internal capsule

A

腦內囊: a specific structure within the brain that contains a dense bundle of white matter fibres

47
Q

a specific structure within the brain that contains a dense bundle of projection fibres

A

internal capsule

48
Q

assoiation fibre

A

連接纖維: connect different parts of the same hemisphere

49
Q

commissural fibre

A

聯合纖維: connect grey area of two hemisphere

50
Q

what kind of fibres in the corpus callosum

A

commissural fibre

51
Q

corpus callosum

52
Q

胼胝體

A

corpus callosum

53
Q

Thalamus

A

丘腦: many groups of nuclei that relay傳遞 different types of sensory information, ‘gatekeeper’ to the cortex皮層, involved in motor and limbic邊緣 connections to the cortex

54
Q

many groups of nuclei that relay different types of sensory information, ‘gatekeeper’ to the cortex, involved in motor and limbic connections to the cortex

55
Q

hypothalamus

A

上丘腦: homeostasis, autonomic, emotions, body temp, food intake, thirst, sleep-wake cycle; control of hormons

56
Q

an area in diencephalon control of hormones, and related with homeostasis, autonomic, emotions, body temp, food intake, thirst, sleep-wake cycle

A

hypothalamus

57
Q

epithalamus

A

下丘腦: pineal gland (melatonin褪黑素), day/night cycles

58
Q

pineal gland (melatonin褪黑素), day/night cycles

A

epithalamus

59
Q

the folds on the cerebellum

60
Q

folia

A

the folds on the cerebellum

61
Q

the structure links two hemispheres of cerebellum

62
Q

vermis

A

the structure links two hemispheres of cerebellum

63
Q

subconsciously

64
Q

無意識地

A

subconsciously

65
Q

equilibrium

A

a certain balance for vestibular system前庭系統

66
Q

coordination

67
Q

協調

A

coordination

68
Q

cylindrical

69
Q

圓柱形

A

cylindrical

70
Q

vertebral column

71
Q

脊柱

A

vertebral column

72
Q

reflex

73
Q

反射

74
Q

conus medullaris

75
Q

what is the end of the spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

76
Q

where is the conus medullaris

77
Q

cauda equina

A

終絲: a slender strand of fibrous tissue that extends from the conus medullaris, which is the tapered lower end of the spinal cord, to the coccyx (tailbone) in the vertebral column. It serves as a stabilizing structure, anchoring the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.

78
Q

a slender strand of fibrous tissue that extends from the conus medullaris, which is the tapered lower end of the spinal cord, to the coccyx (tailbone) in the vertebral column. It serves as a stabilizing structure, anchoring the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.

A

cauda equina

79
Q

filum terminale

A

馬尾神經：a bundle of nerve roots that extend from the bottom of the spinal cord, specifically from the level of the conus medullaris, to the lumbar and sacral regions within the vertebral canal.

80
Q

a bundle of nerve roots that extend from the bottom of the spinal cord, specifically from the level of the conus medullaris, to the lumbar and sacral regions within the vertebral canal.

A

filum terminale

81
Q

what does dorsal root for

82
Q

what does ventral root for

83
Q

white matter made of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres. T/F

84
Q

Dura mater

85
Q

the superficial structure for protecting the CNS

A

dura mater

86
Q

what does the outer layer of dura mater fused to

A

periosteum

87
Q

periosteum

88
Q

meninges

89
Q

protective membranes for brain (CNS)

90
Q

a cavity空腔 between two layers of dura mater: used to collect venous blood靜脈血

A

Dural venous sinus

91
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

硬腦膜靜脈竇a cavity空腔 between two layers of dura mater: （collect venous blood靜脈血）

92
Q

what is the name of the layers for dura mater

A

dural folds

93
Q

Septa

A

thin walls or partitions that divide or separate different structures or compartments within an organ or body region

94
Q

thin walls or partitions that divide or separate different structures or compartments within an organ or body region

95
Q

dural folds

A

硬腦膜皺襞: the two layers’ name

96
Q

arachnoid mater

A

the middle layer of the meninges

97
Q

Trabeculae

A

thin, branching structures or fibers that form a network or framework within tissues or organs

98
Q

thin, branching structures or fibers that form a network or framework within tissues or organs

A

trabeculae

99
Q

the middle layer of the meaninges

A

arachnoid mater

100
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

101
Q

clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS)

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

102
Q

Pia mater

A

the deep layer of meninges

103
Q

which layer of meninges follow the shape of gyri and sulci

104
Q

which layer of meninges have many small blood vessels

A

pia mater: selective barrier to not allow some substances get into brain (CNS) [protect]

105
Q

pathogen

106
Q

病原體

107
Q

where have CSF(cerebrospinal fluid)

A

ventricles: lateral (*2, one in each hemisphere), 3rd, and 4th

108
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the….
1.Spinal cord
2.Epidural space
3.Meninges
4.Choroid plexus
5.Epithalamus

109
Q

The central sulcus separates the….
1.Parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
2.Temporal lobe from the parietal lobe
3.Frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
4.Parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
5.Temporal lobe from the occipital lobe

BIOM1070 (12 decks)

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