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BIOM1070 > musculoskeletal system 2 > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hierarchical organisation for muscle

A

(larger to small) muscle, fascicle束, fibre, myofibrils肌原纖維, sarcomeres肌節

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2
Q

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia

A

Epimysium

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3
Q

Epimysium

A

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia

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4
Q

fibrous dense connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibres)

A

Perimysium

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5
Q

Perimysium

A

fibrous dense connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibres)

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6
Q

fine細小的 connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

Endomysium

A

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre

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8
Q

How do muscles attach to the skeleton?

A

Muscles span joints (i.e., attach to bone in at least 2 places)
– Origin: attachment that is relatively fixed, typically proximal
– Insertion: attachment that is more moveable, usually distal

Attachments can be direct or indirect
– Direct (fleshy): epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
– Indirect: connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope-like tendon or sheet-like aponeurosis

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9
Q

muscle can push tendons or bones. T/F

A

F, only pull, never push

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10
Q

Agonist (Prime Mover)

A

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

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11
Q

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

A

agonist(prime mover)

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12
Q

agonist(prime mover)

A

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

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13
Q

antagonist

A

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

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14
Q

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

A

antagonist

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15
Q

antaonist

A

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

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16
Q

synergist

A

a muscle or muscle group that works together with the agonist to enhance and support the desired movement

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17
Q

a muscle or muscle group that works together with the agonist to enhance and support the desired movement

A

synergist

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18
Q

sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane in muscle cell

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19
Q

Plasma membrane in muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

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20
Q

sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

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22
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) in muscle fibres

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23
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) in muscle fibres

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

which two structure surround myofibrils

A

SR and T-tubules

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25
Q

what does SR store and release during muscle contraction(收縮)

A

Ca2+

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26
Q

T-tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma and help the release of calcium ions from the SR. T/F

27
Q

actin

A

肌動蛋白

28
Q

肌動蛋白

29
Q

tropomyosin

A

原肌球蛋白

30
Q

原肌球蛋白

A

tropomyosin

31
Q

troponin

A

肌鈣蛋白

32
Q

肌鈣蛋白

33
Q

which three kinds of proteins made of thin filaments

A

actin, tropomyosin and troponin肌動蛋白、原肌球蛋白和肌鈣蛋白

34
Q

The function of Tropomyosin

A

blocks myosin binding site in relaxed muscle

35
Q

the function of Troponin

A

binding side for Ca2+: Ca2+ binds to troponin, making tropomyosin move away from active sites on actin

36
Q

strap

A

帶子形狀的

37
Q

帶子形狀的（肌肉）

38
Q

fusiform

A

梭子狀的

39
Q

梭子狀的（肌肉）

40
Q

parallel

41
Q

平行的（肌肉）

42
Q

pennate

43
Q

羽狀的(肌肉)

44
Q

Unipennate

45
Q

單羽的

A

Unipennate

46
Q

Bipennate

47
Q

雙羽的

48
Q

Multipennate

49
Q

多羽的

A

Multipennate

50
Q

circular

51
Q

圓狀的

52
Q

physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA)

A

生理橫截面積: predictor of force

53
Q

Contractile component (CC)

A

the part of the muscle that directly generates force and contributes to muscle contraction

54
Q

the part of the muscle that directly generates force and contributes to muscle contraction

A

Contractile Component (CC)

55
Q

Parallel Elastic Component(PEC)

A

the passive elastic structures that run parallel to the muscle fibers

56
Q

the passive elastic structures that run parallel to the muscle fibers

A

Parallel Elastic Component(PEC)

57
Q

Series Elastic Component(SEC)

A

The series elastic component refers to the tendons that connect muscles to bones

58
Q

The series elastic component refers to the tendons that connect muscles to bones

A

Series Elastic Component (SEC)

59
Q

concentric

A

shortening muscle

60
Q

shortening muscle

A

concentric

61
Q

eccentric

A

lengthening muscle

62
Q

lengthening muscle

63
Q

isometric

A

same length

64
Q

same length

BIOM1070 (12 decks)

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