Musculoskeletal system 1 Flashcards
what are three components of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, and ligaments
how many bones does human have
206
cartilage
軟骨
軟骨
cartilage
ligament
韌帶
韌帶
ligament
what are the four function of the skeletal system
support & protection, movement, storage, produces blood cells
five type of bones
long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone and sesamoid bone
all sesamoid bones
Patella, Pisiform, and some in the foot
compact bone
緻密骨
dense outer layer
compact bone
Spongy bone
海綿骨
a layer of bone that made of small trabeculae
spongy bone
the connective tissue membrane covers inside the compact bone
endosteum
the connective tissue membrane covers outside the compact bone
periosteum
endosteum
骨內膜
periosteum
骨外膜
diaphysis
長骨
the structure of long bone shaping tubular shaft, forms a long axis
disphysis
epiphyses
骨骺: the end of long bone
the end of long bone
epiphyses
crest
narrow ridge on bone
narrow ridge on bone
crest
tuberosity
large round projection on bone
large round projection on bone
tuberosity
epicondyle
raised area on bone
tubercle
small round projection
small round projection on bone
tubercle
trochanter
blunt鈍的, large, irregular process凸起
blunt, large irregular process on bone
trochanter
line
narrow ridge脊
narrow ridge on bone
line
fossa
shallow depression淺窪地
shallow depression on bone
fassa
foramen
opening for blood vessels or nerves
opening for blood vessels or nerves on bone
foramen
how many cranial bones house the brain
8
how many bones form the facial skeleton
14
hyoid bone
舌骨
where does hyoid hone locate
level of the 3rd cervical vertebra
which two muscle attach hyoid bone
tongue above and larynx喉 bellow
vertebral column
脊柱
脊柱
vertebral column
five major vertebral column
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused into 1), coccyx (4)
four function of vertebral column
provide surface area for muscle attachment
support and protect the spinal cord
positions the head
supports the upright position in sitting/standing
curvature
曲度
which two sections of vertebral column are primary curvature
thoracic and sacral
which two sections of vertebral column are secondary curature
cervical and lumbar
the shape of body for cervical vertebrae
oral橢圓
vertebrae
椎骨
椎骨
vertebrae
vertebral foramen
椎孔
椎孔
vertebral foramen
cervical vertebrae has small vertebral foramen. T/F
F
what is the shape of spinous process for cervical vertebrae
bifid short (except C7)
bifid
a structure or body part that is divided or split into two branches or lobes
the name of C1
atlas
The name of C2
Axis
what is the shape of thoracic vertebrae
heart
the thoracic vertebral foramen is smaller circular. T/F
T
the thoracic vertebrae process is small. T/F
F
the thoracic vertebrae facets for articulation with ribs. T/F
T
the spinous process for thoracic vertebrae projects inferiorly(向下). T/F
Ｔ
what is the shape of transverse foramen for lumbar vertebrae
triangular
what is the shape of spinous process for lumbar vertebrae
short and flat
the transverse process for lumbar vertebrae is large. T/F
F
when does coccyx fuse
late in adult life
how many bones fused coccyx vertebrae
3-5
how many bones are fused sacrum vertebrae
5
sacrum articulates with the pelvic girdle via the sacroiliac joint. T/F
T
Intervertebral discs
椎間盤
pad墊 between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers
intervertebral discs
Nucleus pulposus
髓核
the inner core or centre of an intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus
Annulus Fibrosus
纖維環
the outer ring-like structure surrounding the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc
annulus fibrosus
Four structure composed of thoracic cage
thoracic vertebrae(posteriorly後), sternum and costal cartilages(anteriorly前), ribs(laterally側面)
how many pairs of rib do human have
12
the function of pectoral girdle
connection to axial skeleton, provides extra mobility
the function of glenohumeral joint
mobility
a ball and socket joint
Glenohumeral joint
upper arm bone
Humerus
Humerus
upper arm bone
two bone name in the antebrachial
radius(near pollex) & ulna
how many bone in carpals
8
how many bone in metacarpals(palmar)
5
how many bones in phalanges (fingers)
14
Femur
thigh bone
thigh bone
femur
two bone in the lower leg
tibia(larger) and fibula(smaller)
three bone form coxal bone
ilium, pubis and ischium
two parts form pelvic girdle
coxal bone and sacrum
the shape of female pelvis
wider and oval shaped
the shape of male pelvis
narrow and heart shaped
female pelvis widens would not change. T/F
F. female pelvis widen (childbearing) and then narrow with age
how many bones in the tarsal
7
how many bones in the metatarsals
5
how many bones in the phalanges(toes)
14
who responses to bone formation
Osteoblasts
who responses to bone resorption
Osteoclasts
who responses to monitor and maintain bone (stress and strain sensors)
Osteocyte
