Nervous System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory/ afferent division
Motor/efferent division splits into Visceral Motor and Somatic Motor division.

Visceral Motor Splits into Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Also the Enteric

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2
Q

Define Afferent

A

carrying information into the central nervous system, usually considered synonymous with sensory information

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3
Q

Define Efferent

A

carrying information away from the central nervous system, usually considered synonymous with motor information

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4
Q

Define Somatic

A

relating to the body wall and limbs (muscles, skin, bones, joints).

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5
Q

Define Visceral

A

relating to the internal organs (heart, lungs, digestive system, kidneys, reproductive system, etc.).

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6
Q

What division of the nervous system controls the viscera?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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7
Q

There are two divisions of the ANS that are responsible for the maintence of homeostasis. what are they?

A

Parasympathetic(“rest and digest”/ craniosacral)

and Sympathetic (“fight or flight”/ thoracolumbar)

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8
Q

Where is the parasympathetic neuron location?

A

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from brain stem & from S2-S4 (Craniosacral).

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9
Q

Where is the sympathetic neuron location?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from lateral horns (grey matter) of T1-L2 (thoracolumbar spinal cord)

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10
Q

What controls the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS?

A

The hypothalamus

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11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system have control over ?

A

Circulation of the blood
Activity of the Gastrointestinal tract
Body temperature

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12
Q

What organs/muscles/neurons does the ANS

A

Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands of internal organs (The viscera!).
Involuntary
Two neuron chain
preganglionic neurons – originate in the central nervous system (CNS); preganglionic efferent axons are lightly myelinated.
postganglionic neurons – originate in the ganglion located outside the CNS; postganglionic neurons are not myelinated

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13
Q

When is the sympathetic activated?

Names some examples of your bodies reactions?

A

When the body is under conditions of emergency

Dilated pupils, increased heart rates, increased blood pressure, induced sweating

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14
Q

What happens during exercise?

eg. sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic vasoconstriction shunts blood from the skin and digestive viscera to the heart, brain & skeletal muscles

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15
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Conserves body energy and maintains body activities at basal levels - homeostasis

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16
Q

Is inhibition of the pancreatic enzymes sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

17
Q

Is dilation of the iris sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

18
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Which has the longer preganglionic neuron?

A

Parasympathetic

19
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Where is the gap between pre and postganglionic neuron?

A

Sympathetic- close to spinal cord

Parasympathetic- close to organ it innervates

20
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Which receptors are used?

A

Sympathetic - usually Alpha and beta adrenergic but can be Muscarinic receptor
Parasympathetic- Muscarinic

21
Q

Compare the features between autonomic and somatic motor systems.
How many Neurons?
Are they myelinated?

A

Somatic- one neuron myelinated, end is skeletal muscle

Autonomic- 2 neuron, myelinated then unmyelinated

22
Q

How many pairs of nerves are in the spine.

What are they?

A
31 pairs 
8 cervical nerves 
12 thoracic nerves 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
23
Q

What is plexi?

A

The form nerves take when they innervate from limbs

24
Q

How does the cauda equina form?

A

The bundle of posterior nerves are caused by the bone of the vertebral column elongating more than the spinal cord

25
Sensory or Motor? Dorsal Root Ventral Root
Dorsal Root- sensory | Ventral Root- motor
26
What is the name given to peripheral nerves in the head and neck?
Cranial nerves | emerge from the brainstem
27
Describe the structure of the spinal nerve
Roots that join to form mixed spinal nerves Each segments of the cord gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves that consists of axons of motor/sensory/sympathetic neurons
28
Describe the role of the Dermatomes and myotomes
Provides sensory and motor supply of an adjacent muscle mass (myotome) and the cutaneous supply of an area of skin (dermatome).
29
Define reflex
rapid, involuntary motor response to a stimulus.
30
Define reflex arc
receptor, sensory neuron, integration centre, motor neuron, and effector
31
Define spinal reflex
somatic spinal reflexes provides information on integrity of the reflex pathway and degree of excitability of the SC
32
Define motor neurone
a motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates (these all contract together).
33
The finer the movement the _____ the muscle fibres/motor unit
The finer the movement the fewer the muscle fibres/motor unit