Digestion

Question 1

What is another name for the digestive system?

Answer 1

The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 2

What is the name of the food and enzyme mixture?

Answer 2

Chyme

Question 3

How long is the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 3

About 8 m long

Question 4

What is the length of the mouth oesophagus and stomach?

Answer 4

150 cm

Question 5

All of these are in the small intestine.
How long are they?

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

Answer 5

Duodenum- 25 cm
Jejunum- 260 cm
Ileum - 260 cm

Question 6

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 6

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

Question 7

Name 7 parts of the large intestine

Answer 7

Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
                             Anus

Question 8

What is the roles of the oral cavity and oesophagus?

Answer 8

Digestion of carbs
No absorption
Chewing and swallowing

Question 9

What is the roles of the stomach?

Answer 9

Digestion of proteins and fats
Absorption of lipid soluble substances
Peristaltic mixing and propulsion

Question 10

What are the roles of the small intestine?

Answer 10

Digestion of polypetides,carbs,fats,nucleic acids
Wide range of adsoption
Mixing and propulsion

Question 11

What are the roles of the large intestine?

Answer 11

No digestion

Absorption of ions, minerals, vitamins, water

Question 12

What are sphincters?

Answer 12

These guard different sections and control movement through the digestive tract

Question 13

What are the 5 main parts of the stomach?

Answer 13

Fundus 
Body 
Antrum
Rougae
Pylorus

Question 14

What is the role of the rugae in the stomach?

Answer 14

Surface foldings increase surface area

Question 15

Is the small intestine heavily muscular?

Answer 15

YES

Question 16

What are the 4 layers of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 16

Mucose
Submucosa
Smooth Muscle
Serosa

Question 17

What is the role of the mucosa?

Answer 17

Includes transporting epithelial cells, connective tissue and nerve fibres and blood vessels

Question 18

What does the submuscosa contain?

Answer 18

Submuscosal plexis

Question 19

Name the outer layer of the GI

Answer 19

Serosa

Question 20

Name the 3 glands that make up the salivary glands

Answer 20

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual gland

Question 21

What is the Sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 21

smooth muscle that surrounds the end portion of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

Question 22

What are the role of the pancreas?

Answer 22

Releases enzymes and secretes hormones

Question 23

Which cells in the pancreases secret digestive enzymes?

Answer 23

Acinar cells

Question 24

What do duct cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 24

NaHCO3

Question 25

What do the islet cells of the pancreases secrete?

Answer 25

Hormones

Question 26

Which cells form the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 26

Pancreatic acini

Question 27

Name 4 parts of the liver

Answer 27

Hepatic Artery Hepatic portal Vein Common bile duct Gall bladder

Question 28

What is the role of the hepatic Artery?

Answer 28

Brings oxygenated blood from the tissues to the liver

Question 29

What is the role of the hepatic portal vein

Answer 29

Carries blood from the GI and Hb from the spleen

Question 30

What is the role of the common bile duct?

Answer 30

Carries bile from the gall bladder to the intestine

Question 31

What is the role of the gall bladder?

Answer 31

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 32

Describe the structure of the veins

Answer 32

Hepatocytes arranged in lobules around a central vein Triads of portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery

Question 33

Describe how bile is made

Answer 33

Hepatocytes produce bile which is transported to the bile canaliculi and to the bile duct H2O and bicarbonate are added by duct epithelial cells

Question 34

What happens to the bile once it has been made?

Answer 34

Secreted into the duodenum | Passed to gall bladder, concentrated up to 15 times and stored at a max volume of 60 mls

Question 35

Name the 2 types of contraction

Answer 35

Phasic contraction | Tonic contractions

Question 36

Describe phasic contractions

Answer 36

intestinal cells of Cajal generate slow wave potentials to produce cyclic relaxation contraction

Question 37

Describe tonic contractions

Answer 37

Long term contractions

Question 38

What is the role of hte migrating motor complex?

Answer 38

Contractions passing slowly from segment to segment

Question 39

How long is a peristalsis wave?

Answer 39

2-25cm

Question 40

What are the parts of the enteric nervous system and their roles?

Answer 40

Submucosal plexus- contains sensory neurons that receive signals from the lumen and control secretion Myenteric plexus- controls motility

Question 41

What are 3 types of reflexes?

Answer 41

Short long cephalic