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A BIOL1035 Part 2 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Nervous System?

A

Spinal Cord and Brain (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Spinal Cord

Brain

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3
Q

Name 2 ways to produce images of the brain?

A

Magnetic resonance Imaging

Diffusion weighted MRI

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4
Q

State the role of the Nervous System

A

controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli

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5
Q

The the 4 functions of the Nervous System

A

Detects changes within and around the body
Responds to external changes
Receives and interprets sensory information
Stimulates muscles and gland

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6
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A

Dendrites, axon, cell body

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7
Q

Where do dendrites direct stimulus?

A

Towards the cell body

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8
Q

Where do axons direct stimulus?

A

away from the cell body

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9
Q

Name 5 types of Glial cell

A 
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Microglia 
Ependymal 
Schwann Cell
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10
Q

What is the role of the Astrocyte?

A

provides tropic support, provides growth factors or direct neurons

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11
Q

What is the role of the Oligodendrocyte?

A

provides myelin to give insulation and induces higher induction speed

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12
Q

What is the role of the Microglia?

A

small and ‘immune function’ which become activated when damage/ disease occurs

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13
Q

What is the role of the ependymal cells?

A

transports of solutes

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14
Q

Where is the Schwann cell located?

A

PNS only

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15
Q

Name the brain divisions

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of matter and what is found in these?

A

Grey matter- where cell bodies of neurons reside

White Matter- where axons reside

17
Q

Match these areas of the cerebrum with their roles.

Motor, sensory, vision , auditory.

Temporal Lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe and occipital lobe

A

Motor-frontal lobe
Sensory-parietal lobe
Vision-occipital lobe
Auditory- temporal lobe

18
Q

Define Sulci

A

Infoldings of the cerebral hemispheres that form ‘valleys’ between the gyri (singular = sulcus)

19
Q

Define Gyri

A

Ridges of the infolded cerebral cortex (singular = gyrus)

20
Q

What are the roles of the left and right sides of the cerebrum?

A

Left- specialised for language and math skills

Right-visual/spatial skills and creativity

21
Q

What is the area for speech in the brain and where is it located?

A

Wernicke area and Broncas area for speech on most ppls left side

22
Q

Define homunculus

A

Body is represented in an upside-down fashion in sensory and motor cortices.

23
Q

How does the cerebral hemisphere receive sensory and motor impulses?

A

Receive sensory and motor impulse from opposite sides of the body. eg left brain control right side of the body

24
Q

Define thalamus

A

major relay station for (sensory) information coming into the cortex from below, such as the spinal cord and brain stem

25
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Autonomic control centre

26
Q

The Brain stem is the most primitive area.

What does it attach?

A

Brain stem attaches spinal cord and cerebellum to cerebrum

27
Q

Where does the brain stem take nerve impulses to and from?

A

Brain stem takes nerve impulses to/from the cerebrum and diencephalon from the rest of the body

28
Q

What are the 3 major divisions of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

29
Q

What does the midbrain control?

A

Eye movement and reflexes

30
Q

What does the pons control?

A

Major relay area between cerebellum and cerebrum

31
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control?

A

Control centre for many involuntary functions (respiratory rhythm, heart rate, blood pressure)

32
Q

What is the cerebellum shape?

A

2 hemispheres connects directly to brain stem

33
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates motor activity for smooth, well-timed movements

Important for balance

34
Q

Describe the protection of the CNS

A

Meninges

With 3 protective tissue layers- dura, arachnoid, pia.

35
Q

Describe the dura

A

superficial most and strongest, usually in contact with bone

36
Q

Describe the arachnoid

A

adhered closely to dura, web-like in appearance

37
Q

Describe the pia

A

deepest layer, in direct contact with CNS tissue

38
Q

Describe the CSF

A

(cerebrospinal fluid) – clear, cell-free fluid produced by the choroid plexus that circulates in the subarachnoid space

39
Q

Describe BBB

A

BBB (Blood brain barrier) – a barrier composed of endothelial cells and astrocytes (a glial cell!).
Prevents free diffusion into the brain of large molecules (>500 daltons MW)
O2, CO2, lipid soluble molecules (hormones) can enter.

A BIOL1035 Part 2 (16 decks)

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