Nervous System

Question 1

What makes up the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Spinal Cord and Brain (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 2

Spinal Cord

Brain

Question 3

Name 2 ways to produce images of the brain?

Answer 3

Magnetic resonance Imaging

Diffusion weighted MRI

Question 4

State the role of the Nervous System

Answer 4

controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli

Question 5

The the 4 functions of the Nervous System

Answer 5

Detects changes within and around the body
Responds to external changes
Receives and interprets sensory information
Stimulates muscles and gland

Question 6

What are the parts of the neuron?

Answer 6

Dendrites, axon, cell body

Question 7

Where do dendrites direct stimulus?

Answer 7

Towards the cell body

Question 8

Where do axons direct stimulus?

Answer 8

away from the cell body

Question 9

Name 5 types of Glial cell

Answer 9

Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Microglia 
Ependymal 
Schwann Cell

Question 10

What is the role of the Astrocyte?

Answer 10

provides tropic support, provides growth factors or direct neurons

Question 11

What is the role of the Oligodendrocyte?

Answer 11

provides myelin to give insulation and induces higher induction speed

Question 12

What is the role of the Microglia?

Answer 12

small and ‘immune function’ which become activated when damage/ disease occurs

Question 13

What is the role of the ependymal cells?

Answer 13

transports of solutes

Question 14

Where is the Schwann cell located?

Answer 14

PNS only

Question 15

Name the brain divisions

Answer 15

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

Question 16

What are the 2 types of matter and what is found in these?

Answer 16

Grey matter- where cell bodies of neurons reside

White Matter- where axons reside

Question 17

Match these areas of the cerebrum with their roles.

Motor, sensory, vision , auditory.

Temporal Lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe and occipital lobe

Answer 17

Motor-frontal lobe
Sensory-parietal lobe
Vision-occipital lobe
Auditory- temporal lobe

Question 18

Define Sulci

Answer 18

Infoldings of the cerebral hemispheres that form ‘valleys’ between the gyri (singular = sulcus)

Question 19

Define Gyri

Answer 19

Ridges of the infolded cerebral cortex (singular = gyrus)

Question 20

What are the roles of the left and right sides of the cerebrum?

Answer 20

Left- specialised for language and math skills

Right-visual/spatial skills and creativity

Question 21

What is the area for speech in the brain and where is it located?

Answer 21

Wernicke area and Broncas area for speech on most ppls left side

Question 22

Define homunculus

Answer 22

Body is represented in an upside-down fashion in sensory and motor cortices.

Question 23

How does the cerebral hemisphere receive sensory and motor impulses?

Answer 23

Receive sensory and motor impulse from opposite sides of the body. eg left brain control right side of the body

Question 24

Define thalamus

Answer 24

major relay station for (sensory) information coming into the cortex from below, such as the spinal cord and brain stem

Question 25

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 25

Autonomic control centre

Question 26

The Brain stem is the most primitive area. | What does it attach?

Answer 26

Brain stem attaches spinal cord and cerebellum to cerebrum

Question 27

Where does the brain stem take nerve impulses to and from?

Answer 27

Brain stem takes nerve impulses to/from the cerebrum and diencephalon from the rest of the body

Question 28

What are the 3 major divisions of the brain stem?

Answer 28

Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata

Question 29

What does the midbrain control?

Answer 29

Eye movement and reflexes

Question 30

What does the pons control?

Answer 30

Major relay area between cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 31

What does the medulla oblongata control?

Answer 31

Control centre for many involuntary functions (respiratory rhythm, heart rate, blood pressure)

Question 32

What is the cerebellum shape?

Answer 32

2 hemispheres connects directly to brain stem

Question 33

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 33

Coordinates motor activity for smooth, well-timed movements | Important for balance

Question 34

Describe the protection of the CNS

Answer 34

Meninges | With 3 protective tissue layers- dura, arachnoid, pia.

Question 35

Describe the dura

Answer 35

superficial most and strongest, usually in contact with bone

Question 36

Describe the arachnoid

Answer 36

adhered closely to dura, web-like in appearance

Question 37

Describe the pia

Answer 37

deepest layer, in direct contact with CNS tissue

Question 38

Describe the CSF

Answer 38

(cerebrospinal fluid) – clear, cell-free fluid produced by the choroid plexus that circulates in the subarachnoid space

Question 39

Describe BBB

Answer 39

BBB (Blood brain barrier) – a barrier composed of endothelial cells and astrocytes (a glial cell!). Prevents free diffusion into the brain of large molecules (>500 daltons MW) O2, CO2, lipid soluble molecules (hormones) can enter.