NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
the membrane of the dendrites or elector cell
postsynaptic membrane
the end of the axon
presynaptic terminal
a space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane
synaptic cleft
the fundamental unit of nervous system because it is capable of receiving stimulus and yielding a response
reflex arc
pick up the stimulus
a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons
a. sensory receptors
are sensory located between and communicating with other neuron; process the stimulus
a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons
c, interneuron
send stimulus to interneuron in spinal cord
a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons
b. sensory neuron
send response to effector
a. sensory receptors
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. motor neurons
d. motor neurons
occurs when local potential overlap in time
a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation
b. temporal summation
occurs when local potential originate in different location
a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation
a. spatial summation
allows information transmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into a single pathway
a. converging pathway
b. diverging pathway
a. converging pathway
allows information to diverge in two or more pathway
a. converging pathway
b. diverging pathway
b. diverging pathway
extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull
spinal cord
consists of myelinated axons; located at the superficial portion
a. white matter
b. grey matter
a. white matter
collection of neuron cell bodies, shaped like the letter H
a. white matter
b. grey matter
b. grey matter
fluid-filled space in the center of the spinal cord
a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal
d. central canal
contains axon
a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal
a. posterior horn
contains somatic neuron
a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal
b. anterior horn
contains autonomic nervous system
a. posterior horn
b. anterior horn
c. lateral horn
d. central canal
c. lateral horn
columns of the spinal cord that consists of axons that conduct action potential towards the brain
a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts
a. ascending tracts
columns of the spinal cord that consists of axons that conduct action potential away from the brain
a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts
b. descending tracts
conducts action potential from sensory receptors to CNS
a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron
a. sensory division
transmits action potential from CNS toward the periphery
a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron
d. motor neuron
conducts action potential from CNS to effector organ
a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron
c. motor division
transmits action potential from the periphery to CNS
a. sensory division
b. sensory neuron
c. motor division
d. motor neuron
b. sensory neuron
Connect the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain
A. Brainstem
B. Diencephalon
C. Cerebellum
D. Cerebrum
A. Brainstem
Function: coordinated eye movement, control pupil diameter and lens shape
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
C. Midbrain
Major relay centers for auditory nerve pathway in CNS
A. Inferior collicoli
B. Superior collicoli
D. Substantia nigra
A. inferior collicoli
Involved in visual reflex and receive touch
A. Inferior collicoli
B. Superior collicoli
D. Substantia nigra
B. Superior collicoli
Black nuclear mass that is involved in regulating general body movement
A. Inferior collicoli
B. Superior collicoli
D. Substantia nigra
D. Substantia nigra
Function: regulates heart rate, blood vessels, breathing, swallowing, vomitting
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
A. Medulla oblongata
Function: serve as a functional bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
B. Pons
Conducts action potential from sensory receptors to the CNS
A. Sensory divison
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor division
D. Motor neurons
A. Sensory divisions
Conduct action potential from the CNS to effector organ
A. Sensory divison
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor division
D. Motor neurons
D. Motor division
Transmits action potential from the periphery to CNS
A. Sensory divison
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor division
D. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
Transmits action potential fron CNS toward the periphery
A. Sensory divison
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor division
D. Motor neurons
D. Motor neurons
Transmits action potenti from CNS to skeletal muscle
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Sympathetic division
D. Parasympathetic division
A. Somatic nervous system
Transmits action potential from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Sympathetic division
D. Parasympathetic division
B. Autonomic nervous system
Take care of the rest and digest activities
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Sympathetic division
D. Parasympathetic division
D. Parasympathetic division
The fight or flight response
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Sympathetic division
D. Parasympathetic division
C. Sympathetic division
Contains a single nucles; process the stimulus
A. Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axob
A. Cell body
Long cell process extending from the neuron cell body; transmits the stimulus
A. Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
C. Axon
Are short, often highly branching cytoplasmic extension thay are tapered from their bases at the neuron cell body to their tips. Receive information from other neurons
A. Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
B. Dendrites
TYPE OF NEURON: Many dendrite and one axon
A. Multipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudo-uni polar
A. Multipolar
TYPE OF NEURON:
Appears to have a single axon
A. Multipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudo-uni polar
C. Pseudo-uni polar
TYPE OF NEURON:
one dendrite and one axon
A. Multipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudo-uni polar
B. Bipolar
Enclose unmyelinated axons from CNS
Oligodendrocytes
enclose unmyelinated axons from PNS
schwann cells
are opened by neurotransmitters
chemically gated channel
are always open
leak channel
closed until opened by specific signal
gated channel
are opened by a charge in membrane potential
voltage gated channel
voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell
depolarization
voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing the potassium ions to exit the cell
repolarization
involved in olfactory and auditory sensations
a. frontal lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. parietal lobe
d. occipital lobe
e. insula lobe
b, temporal lobe
virtual in control of voluntary motor functions, motivations, aggression, mood and olfactory reception
a. frontal lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. parietal lobe
d. occipital lobe
e. insula lobe
a. frontal lobe
principal center of receiving and consciously perceiving information sensory information such as touch, pain, temperature, balance
a. frontal lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. parietal lobe
d. occipital lobe
e. insula lobe
c. parietal lobe
functions in receiving and perceiving visual input
a. frontal lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. parietal lobe
d. occipital lobe
e. insula lobe
d. occipital lobe
visible swelling on posterior part of hypothalamus that are involved in emotional and response to odor
mammillary gland
pathways that transmits information via action potential
a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts
a. ascending tracts
transmits proprioception, pressure, vibration
a. spinothalamic
b. dorsal column
d. spinocerebellar
a. dorsal column
transmits proprioception to cerebellum
a. spinothalamic
b. dorsal column
d. spinocerebellar
d. spinocerebellar
transmits pain, temperature, pressure
a. spinothalamic
b. dorsal column
d. spinocerebellar
a. spinothalamic
Two motor neurons involved in involuntary movement
upper and lower motor neurons
have cell bodies in anterior horn
a. upper motor neuron
b. lower motor neuron
b. lower motor neuron
have cell bodies in cerebral cortex
a. upper motor neuron
b. lower motor neuron
a. upper motor neuron
pathway that control different types of movements
a. ascending tracts
b. descending tracts
b. descending tract
muscle tone and movement of trunk muscle
a. lateral corticospinal
b. anterior corticospinal
b. anterior corticospinal
muscle tone and skilled movements especially the hand
a. lateral corticospinal
b. anterior corticospinal
a. lateral corticospinal
FUNCTION: influences mood and detect pain
a. thalamus
b. epithalamus
b. hypothalamus
a. thalamus
FUNCTION: emotional and visceral response to odor
a. thalamus
b. epithalamus
c. hypothalamus
b. epithalamus
FUNCTION: Maintain homeostasis
a. thalamus
b. epithalamus
c. hypothalamus
c. hypothalamus
in parietal lobe; functions in understanding and formulating coherent speech
a. sensory speech
b. motor speech
a. sensory speech
in frontal lobe; controls movements necessary for speech
a. sensory speech
b. motor speech
b. motor speech
occur during intense mental activity
a. alpha wave
b. beta wave
c. delta wave
d. theta wave
b. beta wave
normal person is awake but in a quiet resting state
a. alpha wave
b. beta wave
c. delta wave
d. theta wave
a. alpha wave
occurs during deep sleep, in infants and patients with sever brain damage
a. alpha wave
b. beta wave
c. delta wave
d. theta wave
c. delta wave
common in children, may results with frustration or certain brain disorder
a. alpha wave
b. beta wave
c. delta wave
d. theta wave
d. theta wave
protective wrapping around the brain and spinal cord
meninges
superficial and thickest layer; adhere tightly to cranial bone
a. dura matter
b. arachnoid matter
c. pia matter
a. dura matter
tightly bound to the surface of brain and spinal cord
a. dura matter
b. arachnoid matter
c. pia matter
c. pia matter
very thin; second layer
a. dura matter
b. arachnoid matter
c. pia matter
b. arachnoid matter
help hold the brain in place within the skull
a. dura fold
b. dura venous sinuses
c. subdural space
d. subarachnoid space
a. dura fold
filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains blood vessels; serve as a site of injection for spinal block and spinal tap
a. dura fold
b. dura venous sinuses
c. subdural space
d. subarachnoid space
d. subarachnoid space
space of vertebral canal between the dura mater and vertebrae; clinically vital for injection of epidural anesthesia to the spinal nerves
epidural space
fluid filled cavities of CNS
ventricle
smaller, midline cavity located in the center of diencephalon
a. lateral ventricle
b. third ventricle
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. fourth ventricle
b. third ventricle
large cavity within each cerebral hemisphere
a. lateral ventricle
b. third ventricle
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. fourth ventricle
a. lateral ventricle
located in the midbrain; connects the third and fourth ventricle
a. lateral ventricle
b. third ventricle
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. fourth ventricle
c. cerebral aqueduct
located at base of cerebellum; continuous with central canal or spinal cord
a. lateral ventricle
b. third ventricle
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. fourth ventricle
d. fourth ventricle
