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GO GO GO! > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

allows cells to communicate with each other

A

chemical messenger

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2
Q

stimulates the cell that originally secreted it

A

autocrine

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3
Q

secreted by neurons

A

neurotransmitters

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4
Q

local messengers secreted by one cell type

A

paracrine

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5
Q

secreted into bloodstream

A

endocrine

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6
Q

what does endocrine system secreted?

A

hormones

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7
Q

large molecules diffuse from blood into tissue slowly

a. protein
b. steroid hormone
c. thyroid hormone
d. fats

A

a. protein

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8
Q

small molecules attached to binding proteins for transport

a. thyroid hormone
b. peptide
c. amino acids

A

a. thyroid hormone

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9
Q

stimulated by action potential, releasing neurotransmitter from neurons

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

b. neural stimuli

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10
Q

Refer to the regulation of hormone release in response to changes in the blood’s levels of certain ions or nutrients.

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

a. humoral stimuli

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11
Q

Hormone is secreted to stimulates the secretion of other hormones

a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli

A

c. hormonal stimuli

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12
Q

prevent hormone secretion once a set point is achieved

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback

A

b. negative feedback

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13
Q

the stimulation of hormone secretion increases over time

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback

A

a. positive feedback

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14
Q

proteins where hormones bind

A

receptor

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15
Q

location on cell where hormones bind

A

receptor site

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16
Q

found in cell nucleus where the lipid-soluble hormones bind

a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor

A

a. nuclear receptor

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17
Q

found in the cell surface where water-soluble hormones bind

a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor

A

b. membrane-bound receptors

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18
Q

Small glands that rest in sella turcica which is controlled by hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

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19
Q

Secretion are controlled by hormones that pass through hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Anterior pituarity

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20
Q

Hormones secreted are controlled by action potentials carried by axons that pass from hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary

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21
Q

Made up of two lobes connected by isthmus

A

Thyroid gland

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22
Q

What are the hormones of thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

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23
Q

Enlargement of thyroid gland, can develop from too low iodine

A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema

A

A. Goiter

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24
Q

Hypothyroidism that occurs in infant which is characterized by mental retardation and abnormally formed skeletal structure

A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema

A

B. Cretinism

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25
Q

Accumulation of fluid and other molecules in subcutaneous tissue of the skin

A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema

A

C. Myxedema

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26
Q

An autoimmune disease causes hyperthyroidism. Occurs when immune system produces abnormal proteins

A. Goiter
B. Grave disease
C. Exopthalmos

A

B. Grave disease

27
Q

Bulging of the eye associated with grave’s disease

A. Goiter
B. Grave disease
C. Exopthalmos

A

C. Exopthalamos

28
Q

Four tiny gland embedded in posterior wall of thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid gland

29
Q

Abnormally high rate of PTH secretion

A

Hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

Abnormally low rate of PTH secretion

A

Hypoparathyroidism

31
Q

two small glands located superior to the kidney

A

adrenal gland

32
Q

what is the hormone of adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine

33
Q

what is the hormone of adrenal cortex?

A

aldosterone, cortisol, adrenal androgen

34
Q

increases cardiac output, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle and heart

a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen

A

a. epinephrine

35
Q

increases fat and protein breakdown

a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen

A

c. cortisol

36
Q

increases rate of sodium transport into the body

a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen

A

b. aldosterone

37
Q

insignificant in male, increases female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair

a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen

A

d. adrenal androgen

38
Q

increases rate of bone breakdown

a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone

A

a. parathyroid hormone

39
Q

increases metabolic rate

a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone

A

c. thyroid hormone

40
Q

decreases rate of bone breakdown

a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone

A

b. cretonin

41
Q

has a lot of pancreatic islets

A

pancreas

42
Q

secrete glucagon

a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells

A

a. alpha cells

43
Q

secrete somatostatin

a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells

A

c. delta cells

44
Q

secrete insulin

a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells

A

b. beta cells

45
Q

what is the hormone of pancreas?

A

insulin and glucagon

46
Q

increase uptake and use of glucose and amino acids

a. insulin
b. glucagon

A

a. insulin

47
Q

increase breakdown of glycogen

a. insulin
b. glucagon

A

b. glucagon

48
Q

response to food intake

a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. somatostatin

A

c. somatostatin

49
Q

reduced pH of body fluid

a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus

A

a. acidosis

50
Q

inability to regulate blood glucose levels; results in exaggerated appetite, excess urine production, dehydration, thirst and fatigue

a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus

A

c. diabetes mellitus

51
Q

very high blood glucose levels

a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus

A

b. hyperglycemia

52
Q

occurs when too little insulin is secreted in pancreas

a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock

A

a. type 1 DM

53
Q

too much insulin is present in blood

a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock

A

c. insulin shock

54
Q

cause by either few insulin receptors or defective receptors

a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock

A

b. type 2 DM

55
Q

what is the hormone of testes?

A

testosterone

56
Q

what is the hormone of ovaries?

A

estrogens and progesterone

57
Q

hormones of uterus, ovaries

A

prostaglandins

58
Q

aids in sperm cell production

a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. prostaglandins

A

a. testosterone

59
Q

aids in uterine and mammary gland

a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. prostaglandins

A

b. estrogen

60
Q

lies in the upper part of the thorax

A

thymus

61
Q

located in thalamus

A

pineal gland

62
Q

hormones of thymus?

A

thymosin

63
Q

hormones of pineal gland?

A

melatonin

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