ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards
allows cells to communicate with each other
chemical messenger
stimulates the cell that originally secreted it
autocrine
secreted by neurons
neurotransmitters
local messengers secreted by one cell type
paracrine
secreted into bloodstream
endocrine
what does endocrine system secreted?
hormones
large molecules diffuse from blood into tissue slowly
a. protein
b. steroid hormone
c. thyroid hormone
d. fats
a. protein
small molecules attached to binding proteins for transport
a. thyroid hormone
b. peptide
c. amino acids
a. thyroid hormone
stimulated by action potential, releasing neurotransmitter from neurons
a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli
b. neural stimuli
Refer to the regulation of hormone release in response to changes in the blood’s levels of certain ions or nutrients.
a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli
a. humoral stimuli
Hormone is secreted to stimulates the secretion of other hormones
a. humoral stimuli
b. neural stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli
c. hormonal stimuli
prevent hormone secretion once a set point is achieved
a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback
b. negative feedback
the stimulation of hormone secretion increases over time
a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback
a. positive feedback
proteins where hormones bind
receptor
location on cell where hormones bind
receptor site
found in cell nucleus where the lipid-soluble hormones bind
a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor
a. nuclear receptor
found in the cell surface where water-soluble hormones bind
a. nuclear receptor
b. membrane-bound receptor
b. membrane-bound receptors
Small glands that rest in sella turcica which is controlled by hypothalamus
Pituitary gland/hypophysis
Secretion are controlled by hormones that pass through hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
Anterior pituarity
Hormones secreted are controlled by action potentials carried by axons that pass from hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
Made up of two lobes connected by isthmus
Thyroid gland
What are the hormones of thyroid gland?
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin
Enlargement of thyroid gland, can develop from too low iodine
A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema
A. Goiter
Hypothyroidism that occurs in infant which is characterized by mental retardation and abnormally formed skeletal structure
A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema
B. Cretinism
Accumulation of fluid and other molecules in subcutaneous tissue of the skin
A. Goiter
B. Cretinism
C. Myxedema
C. Myxedema
An autoimmune disease causes hyperthyroidism. Occurs when immune system produces abnormal proteins
A. Goiter
B. Grave disease
C. Exopthalmos
B. Grave disease
Bulging of the eye associated with grave’s disease
A. Goiter
B. Grave disease
C. Exopthalmos
C. Exopthalamos
Four tiny gland embedded in posterior wall of thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Abnormally high rate of PTH secretion
Hyperparathyroidism
Abnormally low rate of PTH secretion
Hypoparathyroidism
two small glands located superior to the kidney
adrenal gland
what is the hormone of adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
what is the hormone of adrenal cortex?
aldosterone, cortisol, adrenal androgen
increases cardiac output, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle and heart
a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen
a. epinephrine
increases fat and protein breakdown
a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen
c. cortisol
increases rate of sodium transport into the body
a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen
b. aldosterone
insignificant in male, increases female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair
a. epinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. adrenal androgen
d. adrenal androgen
increases rate of bone breakdown
a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone
a. parathyroid hormone
increases metabolic rate
a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone
c. thyroid hormone
decreases rate of bone breakdown
a. parathyroid hormone
b. cretonin
c. thyroid hormone
b. cretonin
has a lot of pancreatic islets
pancreas
secrete glucagon
a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells
a. alpha cells
secrete somatostatin
a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells
c. delta cells
secrete insulin
a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. delta cells
b. beta cells
what is the hormone of pancreas?
insulin and glucagon
increase uptake and use of glucose and amino acids
a. insulin
b. glucagon
a. insulin
increase breakdown of glycogen
a. insulin
b. glucagon
b. glucagon
response to food intake
a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. somatostatin
c. somatostatin
reduced pH of body fluid
a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus
a. acidosis
inability to regulate blood glucose levels; results in exaggerated appetite, excess urine production, dehydration, thirst and fatigue
a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus
c. diabetes mellitus
very high blood glucose levels
a. acidosis
b. hyperglycemia
c. diabetes mellitus
b. hyperglycemia
occurs when too little insulin is secreted in pancreas
a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock
a. type 1 DM
too much insulin is present in blood
a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock
c. insulin shock
cause by either few insulin receptors or defective receptors
a. type 1 DM
b. type 2 DM
c. insulin shock
b. type 2 DM
what is the hormone of testes?
testosterone
what is the hormone of ovaries?
estrogens and progesterone
hormones of uterus, ovaries
prostaglandins
aids in sperm cell production
a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. prostaglandins
a. testosterone
aids in uterine and mammary gland
a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. prostaglandins
b. estrogen
lies in the upper part of the thorax
thymus
located in thalamus
pineal gland
hormones of thymus?
thymosin
hormones of pineal gland?
melatonin
