biochem Flashcards
can react both as an acid and base
amphoteric
considered as weak electrolyte
water
both accept and donate proton
amphiprotic
a mixture of weak electrolytes and its salt
buffer
mixture of weak acid
acid buffer
mixture of weak base
base buffer
produced from the dissociation of acid; removal of hydrogen
conjugate base
proton hydrogen donor; formed when it combines with hydrogen
conjugate acid
factors affecting blood ph
nature of diet and vigorous exercise
metabolic disturbances in the acid-base balance of the body
acidosis and alkalosis
the acidity of blood fluids and tissues is abnormally high due to a decrease in normal blood ph
acidosis
excessive loss of bases such as bicarbonate due to a decrease in blood HCO3
metabolic acidosis
increased level of CO2
respiratory acidosis
the pH is decreased; the PCO2 is elevated
respiratory acidosis
the pH is elevated; the PCO2 decrease
respiratory alkalosis
the pH is elevated; the HCO3 is elevated
metabolic alkalosis
the pH is decrease; the HCO3 decrease
metabolic acidosis
chromatin material that contains the gene
chromosome
carriers of the hereditary trait
gene
physical and non-physical characteristics
traits
when trait is manifested or is present in every generation
dominant trait
when trait may skip a generation and only to reappear in future generation
recessive trait
it regulates, controls, and modifies all the metabolic activities of the cell
nucleus
liquids that fills inside the cell
cytoplasm
living structure
a. cytoplasm organelles
b. inclusion bodies
a. cytoplasm organelles
non-living structure
a. cytoplasm organelles
b. inclusion bodies
b. inclusion bodies
responsible for reproduction
centrosome
small, rounded chromatin attached to the nuclear membrane
centrosome
gives the cell definite shape and size
cell membrane
template of protein synthesis
ribosomes
responsible for digesting food in the cell
lysosome
storage of food, dumping site for cellular garbage
vacoule
generates ATP
mitochondria
a network of tubes, tubules, microtubules
endoplasmic reticulum
transport cell products
smooth er
transport protein
rough er
act as a temporary storage of cellular products
golgi apparatus
swell cells
a. isotonic
b, hypotonic
c. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
shrinkage
a. isotonic
b. hypotonic
c. hypertonic
c. hypertonic
most abundant component of cytoplasm
water
no effect on the cell
a. isotonic
b. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
a. isotonic
main source of energy
carbohydrates
second source of energy; provides elasticity to the cell
fats
gives strength to the cell membrane
protein
charged particles
electrolytes
building blocks of proteins; fundamental sub-unit of protein
amino acid
carboxyl group
acidic properties
amino group
basic properties
chiral c
asymmetric carbon
conduction of nerve impulses
a. contractile protein
b. structural protein
c. protection protein
a. contractile protein
provide mechanical support and structure
a. contractile protein
b. structural protein
c. protection protein
b. structural protein
natural defense protein
a. contractile protein
b. structural protein
c. protection protein
c. protection protein
carry small molecules and ions
a. transport protein
b. storage protein
a. transport protein
store small molecules and ions
a. transport protein
b. storage protein
b. storage protein
polypeptide are arrange tightly
a. fibrous
b. globular
a. fibrous
polypeptide are arranged in compact
a. fibrous
b. globular
b. globular
more amino acids
a. polypeptide
b. oligopeptide
a. polypeptide
few amino acid
a. polypeptide
b. oligopeptide
b. oligopeptide
high molecular weight
a. insoluble
b. soluble
a. insoluble
low molecular weight
a. insoluble
b. soluble
b. soluble
linear arrangement of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
primary structure
folding of polypeptide chains
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
b. secondary structure
two types of secondary structure
alpha helix
beta-pleated sheat
2 forms of h-bond
intramolecular h-bond
intermolecular h-bond
within molecule
a. intramolecular h-bond
b. intermolecular h-bond
a. intramolecular h-bond
different compound
a. intramolecular h-bond
b. intermolecular h-bond
b. intermolecular
unfolding of polypeptide chains
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
b. tertiary structure
b. tertiary structure
polypeptide chains tightly woven with each other
a. Quaternary structure
b. tertiary structure
c. primary structure
a. Quaternary structure
destruction of the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
a. denaturation structure
b. primary structure
a. denaturation structure
decreased solubility
a. physcial
b. chemical
c. biological
b. chemical
increase viscosity
a. physcial
b. chemical
c. biological
a. physical
increased digestibility
a. physcial
b. chemical
c. biological
c. biological
breakdown of substances into smaller particles
a. ionization
b. dissociation
b. dissociation
atoms or molecules get a positive or negative charges
a. ionization
b. dissociation
a. ionization
underweight for one’s age
a. underweight
b. stunted
c. wasted
a. underweight
acute malnutrition
a. underweight
b. stunted
c. wasted
c. wasted
chronic malnutrition
a. underweight
b. stunted
c. wasted
b. stunted
two major types of malnutrition
protein-energy malnutrition and macro-nutrient deficiency
a form of malnutrition due to a diet deficient in protein; also called wet
a. kwashiorkor
b. marasmus
c. atrophy
a. kwashiorkor
severe lack of protein intake; also called dry form
a. kwashiorkor
b. marasmus
c. atrophy
b. marasmus
also known as “muscle wasting” due to aging or protein deficiency
a. kwashiorkor
b. marasmus
c. atrophy
c. atrophy
cells are more likely to shrink because there is no energy sustaining them
a. kwashiorkor
b. marasmus
c. atrophy
c. atrophy
this condition is usually appeared at the age of 12 months when breastfeeding is discontinued
a. kwashiorkor
b. marasmus
c. atrophy
a. kwashiorkor
