nervous system

Question 1

the brain and spinal cords are apart of?

Answer 1

the CNS

Question 2

sensory receptors and peripheral nerve fibers are apart of the

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

axons that bundle together

Answer 3

are nerves

Question 4

the division of the PNS that carries sensory information from the pns to the cns

Answer 4

Afferent Division

Question 5

the division of the pns that carries commands from the cns to to the pns effectors

Answer 5

EFFERENT

Question 6

the somatic nervous system of the efferent division carrie’s commands to

Answer 6

voluntary muscles ie skeletal muscles

Question 7

the automatic nervous system of the efferent division carries commands to the

Answer 7

involuntary effectors ie glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscles

Question 8

the automatic nervous system carrie’s commands the body to decrease heart rate and stimulate gi via ( rest and digest)

Answer 8

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 9

the automatic system carrie’s commands to the body to dilate pupils, increase heart rate via (fight or flight)

Answer 9

sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

neurons that send a message

Answer 10

presynaptic cell

Question 11

cell that receives a message

Answer 11

post synaptic cell

Question 12

what are intercellular messengers that are released from the presynaptic cell that travel across the SYNAPTIC CLEFT and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell

Answer 12

neurotransmitters

Question 13

afferent neurons that carry sensory info to the neurons

Answer 13

sensory neurons

Question 14

efferent neurons that carry commands from the cns to the pns

Answer 14

motor neurons

Question 15

neurons that carry signals to the skeletal muscles

Answer 15

somatic motor neurons

Question 16

neurons that carry signals to the smooth muscles

Answer 16

visceral neurons

Question 17

neuroglia in the CNS that form the ependyma that line the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. they also produce and circulate CSF

Answer 17

Ependymal cells

Question 18

neuroglia in the cns that wraps around blood vessels and maintain the blood brain barrier which isolates the cns from systemic blood. also forms sclerosis (scar tissue)

Answer 18

astrocytes

Question 19

neuroglia that myelinate axons in the CNS. this will have the tissue appear as white matter in the brain. also sends signals faster

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

areas without myelination (no myelination)

Answer 20

nodes

Question 21

areas on the axon that are myelinated

Answer 21

internodes

Question 22

neuroglia that are small microphages in the cns. clean out cns. will cluster in damaged areas

Answer 22

microglia

Question 23

neuroglia in the pns surround neuron cell bodies in the pns, surround ganglia (cell bodies that are grouped together)

Answer 23

satellite cells

Question 24

neuroglia in the pns that provide myelination of single axon or surround multiple axons

Answer 24

schwann cells

Question 25

what ions are more concentrated INTRAcellularly

Answer 25

potassium + and proteins

Question 26

what ions are more concentrated EXTRAcellularly (outside cell)

Answer 26

Sodium +, Calcium +, and Chloride-

Question 27

what is the resting membrane potential of the neuron

Answer 27

-70 mv

Question 28

concentration gradient that occurs when there are different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell

Answer 28

a chemical gradient

Question 29

gradient occurs when there is a difference in overall charge inside and outside the cell

Answer 29

an electric gradient

Question 30

how do we alter the transmembrane potential of a neuron/receptor

Answer 30

voltage gated, mechanically gated, ph gated channels, chemically gated channels, leak channels

Question 31

in a sodium-potassium ATPase exchange pump, how is it powered and what it carrie’s

Answer 31

powered by ATP. carrie’s out 3 NA+ and brings in 2 K+.

Question 32

a gated channel opens upon the binding of specific chemicals. found on the neuron body, dendrites, sarcolemma

Answer 32

Chemically, ligand gated channel

Question 33

a gated channel open due to a change in transmembrane potential. found in neuronal axons, sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 33

voltage gated channel

Question 34

gated channel open upon physical distortion of the plasma membrane. found in touch receptors

Answer 34

mechanically gated channels