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A and P > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

the brain and spinal cords are apart of?

A

the CNS

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2
Q

sensory receptors and peripheral nerve fibers are apart of the

A

PNS

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3
Q

axons that bundle together

A

are nerves

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4
Q

the division of the PNS that carries sensory information from the pns to the cns

A

Afferent Division

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5
Q

the division of the pns that carries commands from the cns to to the pns effectors

A

EFFERENT

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6
Q

the somatic nervous system of the efferent division carrie’s commands to

A

voluntary muscles ie skeletal muscles

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7
Q

the automatic nervous system of the efferent division carries commands to the

A

involuntary effectors ie glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscles

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8
Q

the automatic nervous system carrie’s commands the body to decrease heart rate and stimulate gi via ( rest and digest)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

the automatic system carrie’s commands to the body to dilate pupils, increase heart rate via (fight or flight)

A

sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

neurons that send a message

A

presynaptic cell

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11
Q

cell that receives a message

A

post synaptic cell

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12
Q

what are intercellular messengers that are released from the presynaptic cell that travel across the SYNAPTIC CLEFT and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A

neurotransmitters

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13
Q

afferent neurons that carry sensory info to the neurons

A

sensory neurons

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14
Q

efferent neurons that carry commands from the cns to the pns

A

motor neurons

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15
Q

neurons that carry signals to the skeletal muscles

A

somatic motor neurons

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16
Q

neurons that carry signals to the smooth muscles

A

visceral neurons

17
Q

neuroglia in the CNS that form the ependyma that line the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. they also produce and circulate CSF

A

Ependymal cells

18
Q

neuroglia in the cns that wraps around blood vessels and maintain the blood brain barrier which isolates the cns from systemic blood. also forms sclerosis (scar tissue)

A

astrocytes

19
Q

neuroglia that myelinate axons in the CNS. this will have the tissue appear as white matter in the brain. also sends signals faster

A

Oligodendrocytes

20
Q

areas without myelination (no myelination)

A

nodes

21
Q

areas on the axon that are myelinated

A

internodes

22
Q

neuroglia that are small microphages in the cns. clean out cns. will cluster in damaged areas

A

microglia

23
Q

neuroglia in the pns surround neuron cell bodies in the pns, surround ganglia (cell bodies that are grouped together)

A

satellite cells

24
Q

neuroglia in the pns that provide myelination of single axon or surround multiple axons

A

schwann cells

25
Q

what ions are more concentrated INTRAcellularly

A

potassium + and proteins

26
Q

what ions are more concentrated EXTRAcellularly (outside cell)

A

Sodium +, Calcium +, and Chloride-

27
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of the neuron

A

-70 mv

28
Q

concentration gradient that occurs when there are different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell

A

a chemical gradient

29
Q

gradient occurs when there is a difference in overall charge inside and outside the cell

A

an electric gradient

30
Q

how do we alter the transmembrane potential of a neuron/receptor

A

voltage gated, mechanically gated, ph gated channels, chemically gated channels, leak channels

31
Q

in a sodium-potassium ATPase exchange pump, how is it powered and what it carrie’s

A

powered by ATP. carrie’s out 3 NA+ and brings in 2 K+.

32
Q

a gated channel opens upon the binding of specific chemicals. found on the neuron body, dendrites, sarcolemma

A

Chemically, ligand gated channel

33
Q

a gated channel open due to a change in transmembrane potential. found in neuronal axons, sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

voltage gated channel

34
Q

gated channel open upon physical distortion of the plasma membrane. found in touch receptors

A

mechanically gated channels

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