nervous system Flashcards
the brain and spinal cords are apart of?
the CNS
sensory receptors and peripheral nerve fibers are apart of the
PNS
axons that bundle together
are nerves
the division of the PNS that carries sensory information from the pns to the cns
Afferent Division
the division of the pns that carries commands from the cns to to the pns effectors
EFFERENT
the somatic nervous system of the efferent division carrie’s commands to
voluntary muscles ie skeletal muscles
the automatic nervous system of the efferent division carries commands to the
involuntary effectors ie glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscles
the automatic nervous system carrie’s commands the body to decrease heart rate and stimulate gi via ( rest and digest)
parasympathetic nervous system
the automatic system carrie’s commands to the body to dilate pupils, increase heart rate via (fight or flight)
sympathetic nervous system
neurons that send a message
presynaptic cell
cell that receives a message
post synaptic cell
what are intercellular messengers that are released from the presynaptic cell that travel across the SYNAPTIC CLEFT and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell
neurotransmitters
afferent neurons that carry sensory info to the neurons
sensory neurons
efferent neurons that carry commands from the cns to the pns
motor neurons
neurons that carry signals to the skeletal muscles
somatic motor neurons
neurons that carry signals to the smooth muscles
visceral neurons
neuroglia in the CNS that form the ependyma that line the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. they also produce and circulate CSF
Ependymal cells
neuroglia in the cns that wraps around blood vessels and maintain the blood brain barrier which isolates the cns from systemic blood. also forms sclerosis (scar tissue)
astrocytes
neuroglia that myelinate axons in the CNS. this will have the tissue appear as white matter in the brain. also sends signals faster
Oligodendrocytes
areas without myelination (no myelination)
nodes
areas on the axon that are myelinated
internodes
neuroglia that are small microphages in the cns. clean out cns. will cluster in damaged areas
microglia
neuroglia in the pns surround neuron cell bodies in the pns, surround ganglia (cell bodies that are grouped together)
satellite cells
neuroglia in the pns that provide myelination of single axon or surround multiple axons
schwann cells
what ions are more concentrated INTRAcellularly
potassium + and proteins
what ions are more concentrated EXTRAcellularly (outside cell)
Sodium +, Calcium +, and Chloride-
what is the resting membrane potential of the neuron
-70 mv
concentration gradient that occurs when there are different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell
a chemical gradient
gradient occurs when there is a difference in overall charge inside and outside the cell
an electric gradient
how do we alter the transmembrane potential of a neuron/receptor
voltage gated, mechanically gated, ph gated channels, chemically gated channels, leak channels
in a sodium-potassium ATPase exchange pump, how is it powered and what it carrie’s
powered by ATP. carrie’s out 3 NA+ and brings in 2 K+.
a gated channel opens upon the binding of specific chemicals. found on the neuron body, dendrites, sarcolemma
Chemically, ligand gated channel
a gated channel open due to a change in transmembrane potential. found in neuronal axons, sarcoplasmic reticulum
voltage gated channel
gated channel open upon physical distortion of the plasma membrane. found in touch receptors
mechanically gated channels
