Nervous System

Question 1

The function of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Detects impulses from the senses; the control center of the body

Question 2

Major organs of the nervous system

Answer 2

Brain, spinal cord, senses, nerves

Question 3

Difference between neurons and neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons take up 10%, Neuroglia takes up 90%

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

Receives the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

Body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

The passageway for nerve impulses after the cell body; end in the axon terminal

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

Insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 8

Node of Ranvier

Answer 8

Impulses jump from node to node, which increases the speed of impulse

Question 9

Axon terminal

Answer 9

The button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

A portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. (also called a nerve fiber)

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

Protects the brain by preventing it from contacting the skull, maintains the blood-brain barrier, which controls homeostasis for the brain and prevents infection.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

The largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

Voluntary movements, reasoning, and decision-making, memory, planning, verbal communication

Question 14

Parietal Lobe

Answer 14

Sensations, visual-spatial processing, body position

Question 15

Occipital Lobe

Answer 15

Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 16

Temporal Lobe

Answer 16

Memory, understanding words/language, sensations of smell and sound, and emotional association of memories

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Controls hormones released by the pituitary gland, also responsible for autonomic processes

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

Has 3 regions, located between the cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 20

Midbrain

Answer 20

Relays info to the cerebrum, control body movements, and postures

Question 21

PONS

Answer 21

BREATHING. Carries info from one side of the brain to the other (that’s why it is called a bridge)

Question 22

Cerebellum

Answer 22

MOVEMENTS. (also called the baby/little brain!)

Question 23

Spinal Cord

Answer 23

Comes from the medulla oblongata

Question 24

Spinal Cord

Answer 24

Comes from the medulla oblongata, Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain

Question 25

Hair Follicle Receptor

Answer 25

Hair follicle receptors are rapidly adapting receptors that respond better to something brushing across the skin rather than pressure.

Question 26

Ruffini’s Corpuscle

Answer 26

These receptors adapt slowly to pressure which results in stretching of the skin. They record the sustained presence of pressure on the skin.

Question 27

Pacinian Corpuscle

Answer 27

Responds to mechanical deformation

Question 28

Merkel’s Disk

Answer 28

The Merkel disc is the main type of tactile end-organ for sensing gentle touch and is essential for sophisticated sensory tasks, including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination.

Question 29

Free Nerve Ending

Answer 29

Free nerve endings are sensitive to painful stimuli, to hot and cold, and to light touch. They are slow to adjust to a stimulus and so are less sensitive to abrupt changes in stimulation.

Question 30

Malleus (Hammer)

Answer 30

The malleus functions with the other bones to transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 31

Incus (Anvil)

Answer 31

The incus transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The vibrations then move to the inner ear. Conditions that affect the incus often affect the other ossicle bones.

Question 32

Stapes (Stirrup)

Answer 32

The stapes transmit sound vibrations from the incus, another little bone in the middle ear, to the oval window adjacent to the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest bone in the body.

Question 33

Cochlea

Answer 33

A bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid.

Question 34

Cornea

Answer 34

The cornea is made of thick, transparent tissue

Function: allows light into the eye

Question 35

Pupil

Answer 35

The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris

Function: muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 36

Iris

Answer 36

The iris is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye.
Function: works with the pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 37

Retina

Answer 37

The retina, located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors.

Question 38

Lens

Answer 38

The lens is a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina. It is controlled by ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments.

Question 39

Farsighted

Answer 39

Eye-ball is too short. Farsightedness is a common vision condition in which you can see distant objects clearly, but objects nearby may be blurry.

Question 40

Nearsighted

Answer 40

Nearsightedness is a common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry.