Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle (voluntary)
Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle.
Cardiac Muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac muscle are only found in the heart
Smooth Muscle (involuntary)
Smooth muscles are called so because they do not have striations. These can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system.
Exicability
Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil back to its original length
Extensibility
Allows muscles to stretch or extend
Contractility
Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Fascicle
The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Epimysium
Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
Surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Actin
Thin filaments
Myosin
Thick filaments
Prime Mover - Subclavius
Target motion - depression, Movement - Stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
Prime Mover - Serratus anterior
Target motion - Scapula: protracts; ribs; elevates, Movement - Moves arms from side of the body to front of the body; assists with inhalation (breathing)
Prime mover - Trapezius
Target motion - Scapula: rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates and depresses; spine; extends, Movement - Elevates shoulders (shrugging); pulls shoulder blades together; tilts head backwards
Prime mover - Rhomboid major
Target motion - Retracts; rotates inferiorly. Movement - Stabliizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement
Prime mover - Pectoralis major
Target motion - flexion; adduction; medial rotation. Movement - Brings elbows together; moves elbow up fast during an uppercut punch
Prime mover -Latissimus dorsi
Target motion - Humerus; extension, adduction, and media rotation; scapula depression. Movement - Moves elbow back (as in elbowing someone standing behind you); spreads elbows apart.
Prime mover - Deltoid
Target motion - Abduction; flexion; extension, medial and lateral rotation. Movement - Lifts arms at the shoulder
Primer mover - Supraspinatus
Target motion - Abduction. Movement - Rotates the elbow outwards as during a tennis swing.
Prime mover -Teres Major
Target motion - Extension; adduction. Movement - Assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards.
Prime mover - Biceps brachii
Target motion - Flexion; supination. Movement - Anterior muscles (flexion)
Prime mover - Triceps brachii
Target motion - extension. Movement - Extends forearm, as during a punch
Prime mocer - pronator teres
Target motion - Pronation. Movement - turns hands palm-down
Prime mover - Supinator
Target motion - supination. Movement - turns hand palm-up.
Prime mover - iliacus
Target motion - thigh; flexion and lateral rotation; torso; flexion. Movement - Raises the kneww at the hip, as if performing a knee attack.
Prime mover - gluteous maximus
Target motion - extension. Movement - Lowers the knee and moves the thigh back, as when getting ready to kick a ball.
Prime mover - gluteus medius
Target motion - Abduction, Movement - opens the thigh, as when doing a split
Prime mover - Gluteus minimus
Target motion - Abduction, Movement - brings the thighs back together
Prime mover - Adductor longus
Target motion - Adduction; flexion. Movement - brings the thighs back together; it also assists with raising the knee.
Prime mover - Rectus femoris
Target motion - tibia/fibula, extension; thigh. Movement - Moves the lower leg out in front of the body, as when kicking; it alsp assists in raising the knee.
Prime mover - Biceps Femoris
Target motion - Tibia/fibula: flexion; thigh: extension, lateral rotation. Movement - Moves the back of the lower leg up and back toward the buttocks, as when kneelong; it alos moves the thigh down and back and twists the thigh (and lower leg) outward.
Prime mover - Tibialis anterior
Target motion - Dorsiflexion; inversion. Movement - Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap.
Prime mover - Extensor hallucis longus
Target motion - Foot; dorsiflecion; big toe: extension. Movement - Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap. Extends the big toe.
Prime mover - Extensor Digitorium longus
Target motion - foot; dorsiflexion, toes, extension. Movement - Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap. Extends the toes.
Prime mover - Gastrocnemius
Target motion - Foot; plantar flexion, tibia/fibula; flexion. Movement - Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when jumping.
Prime mover - Soleus
Target motion - plantar flexion. Movement - Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when jumping. It also maintains posture when walking.
Prime mover - Tibialis posterior
Target motion - Plantar flexion. Movement - lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot tapping or jumping.
Prime mover - Flexor digitorium longus
Target motion - Foot; plantar flexion and inversion; toes; flexion. Movement - Bends the inside of the foot upward and flexes the toes.
Prime mover - Flexor halicis longus
Target motion - Big toe; flexion. Foot; plantar flexion. Movement - flexes big toe.
