Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 2

Blood vessels

Answer 2

a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

Question 3

Deoxygenated

Answer 3

body → right chambers of the heart → lung

Question 4

Heart

Answer 4

A muscular pump that forces blood around the body.

Question 5

Oxygenated

Answer 5

lung → left chambers of the heart → body

Question 6

Oxygen

Answer 6

a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.

Question 7

Systemic circulation

Answer 7

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Question 9

capillaries

Answer 9

Tiny vessels that branch off from arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues.

Question 10

pulmonary circulation

Answer 10

The pulmonary circulation, between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart.

Question 11

Size of heart

Answer 11

size of a fist and shaped like an upside-down pear

Question 12

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 12

It has four chambers

Question 13

Location of heart

Answer 13

The heart is located in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity; however, it is not exactly centered; more of the heart is on the left side of the mediastinum than the right.

Question 14

Apex

Answer 14

The tip of the heart at the lower edge is called the apex.

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

is the inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers. It is a very smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers.

Question 16

Myocardium

Answer 16

thick, muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

Question 17

Pericardium

Answer 17

The heart is enclosed within a double-layered pleural sac, called the pericardium.

Question 18

Atria

Answer 18

the receiving chambers of the heart. Blood returning to the heart via veins first collects in the atria.

Question 19

Ventricles

Answer 19

The ventricles are the pumping chambers. They have a much thicker myocardium and their contraction ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries.

Question 20

Tricuspid valve

Answer 20

Tricuspid valve: an atrioventricular valve (AV), meaning that it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Once the blood enters the right ventricle, it cannot go back up into the atrium again. This valve has three (tri) leaflets or cusps.

Question 21

Pulmonary valve

Answer 21

Pulmonary valve: a semilunar valve, with the prefix semi- meaning half and the term lunar meaning moon, indicate that this valve looks like a half moon. Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, this valve prevents blood that has been ejected into the pulmonary artery from returning to the right ventricle as it relaxes.

Question 22

Mitral valve

Answer 22

Mitral valve: also called the bicuspid valve, indicating that it has two cusps. Blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot go back up into the left atrium.

Question 23

Aortic valve

Answer 23

Aortic valve: a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle.

Question 24

Blood Pressure

Answer 24

Blood pressure (BP) is a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.

Question 25

Pulse

Answer 25

The pulse (P) felt at the wrist or throat is the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction. This is why pulse rate is normally equal to heart rate. Therefore, to see the full range of what is occurring with blood pressure, both numbers are required.