Integumentary System Flashcards
Function of Integumentary System
Encloses internal body structures, site of many receptors, thermoregulation and vitamin D synthesis
Main organs
Hair, Skin, Nails
What is function 1 of the integumentary system and what does it do?
Protection; protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature, acts as a protective barrier againsr water loss.
What is function 2 of the integumentary system and what does it do?
Sensory; Skin acts as a sense organ because of the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis. (contain sensory nerves)
What is function 3 of the integumentary system and what does it do?
Thermoregulation; helps regulate body temperature w/ its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system
What is function 4 of the integumentary system and what does it do?
Vitamin 4 Synthesis; Vitamin D is synthesized into the skin when exposed to sunlight (UV radiation)
What is Vitamin D for?
Normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus
What are the 3 main layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis and hypothermis
What is the order of skin layers? (these are within the main skin layers)
Corneum, lucidum, ganulosum, basale
All the cells in the layers except for basale are called what?
Keratincyotes
What does the Keratincyote cells do?
Manufactures and stores the protein ‘keratin’
Basale
Deepest layer, a single layer of cells, bonds to the dermis, produces keratincyotes
Spinosum
Spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells
Lucidum
A smooth translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the granulosum
Corneum
Most superficial layer of the epidermis, exposed to the outside environment
Keratin
Gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water resistant properties
What is the skin?
Largest organ; thin layer of tissue that acts as a barrier to internal organs
Epidermis
Thin, outer layer of the skin that is visible to the eye and works to provide protection to the body
Dermis
The inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. Has a connective tissue, blood vessels, oil, sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures
Hypodermis
The deepest layer. The layer of tissue that underlies the skin.
Hair
Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis, above the skin.
Hair follicle
Where the hair strands originate, within the epidermis, superior to the dermis.
Hair shaft
Part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, exposed on the skins surface.
Hair root
Where the rest of the hair in the follicle lies. It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different cell types, each with distinct functions.
Free edge (nail)
The nail is a platelike, keratinous, translucent structure that consists of highly specialized epithelial cells. The nail grows from a deep groove in the dermis of the skin. a nail is a horn-like envelop covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes
Lunula
The lunula is the visible portion of the distal nail matrix that extends beyond the proximal nailfold
Cuticle
The outermost layer of the skin of vertebrates; epidermis.
Nail Root
The root of the nail is also known as the germinal matrix. Its edge appears as a white crescent, known as the lunula. The root portion of this nail lies below the skin, underneath the nail, and extends several millimeters into the finger. It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.
Pores
the small openings in the skin in which oil and sweat reach the surface from their respective glands below
Eccrine Sweat gland
Found all over the skins surface
Apocrine sweat gland
Found in areas like armpits and genital regions, found in densely hairy areas
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Type of skin cancer that develops on the face and neck, is caused by expire to UV radiation, growth or a sore that some heal, surgery is the usual treatment.
Melanoma
Produces melanin and grows out of control, large mole, skin growth, pigment change. Most treatments are surgery and chemotherapy
Eczema
Skin condition where skin becomes itchy bumpy and red. Can be caused by many different factors. Can be treated by creams and ointments, such as steroids and topical creams. (can be genetic)
Acne
Hair follicles are clogged up with oil and dead skin cells. There are many treatments like accurate and topical creams. Symptoms are pimples, bumps, redness of face, blackheads.
First degree burn
Only involve the top layer of the skin, can be red and painful. Treatment involves cooling the burn and covering it. Symptoms involve mild swelling, dry skin, peeling skin, red skin.
Second degree burn
Involve the outer layer of the skin and inner, can be caused by very hot water, open flames, sun, hot objects, chemicals. Treatment involves to immerse it in cool water. Skin is painful to the touch.
Third Degree burn
Destroy the epidermis and dermis. No sensation due to the nerve endings being destroyed. Treatment is early cleaning. Leathery texture.
Fourth degree burn
Go through the both layers of skin and underlying tissue. Primarily caused by flames and chemicals. Symptoms involve exposed bone and charred looking skin. Treatment depends on severity
Stretch Marks
Scars that develop when skin stretches or it shrinks quickly, they come in streaks that very in color. Treatments don’t really help.
Callus
Hardened layers of the skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself from friction. Treatment is to avoid repetitive action that causes them to develop. You can file or trim them.
Squamous Cell Cancer
Found on the dermis. Caused by combination of sun exposure over time and your individual genetics. Flaky, scaly looking skin. Clothing and things to cover the skin can be helpful.
