Nervous System Flashcards
Quadriceps are also?
Knee extensions
change in cell structure and function
from generalized to specialized.
Differentiation
changes an organism
undergoes through time
Development
n increase in size of all or part of the
organism.
Growth
consists of the brain and spinal
cord
CNS
consists of all
the nervous tissue outside the CNS
PNS
T or F
Sensory -> PNS -> Motor-> CNS
F
Sensory -> CNS-> motor ->
T or F
motor division is divided into somatic and autonomic systems.
T
innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands and is
mostly under involuntary control.
Autonomic NS
innervates skeletal muscle and is
mostly under voluntary control.
Somatic NS
T or F
autonomic nervous system is divided into sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions
T
Sympathetic-fight or flight
Parasympathetic- rest or digesting
contains both sensory and motor
neurons, which can function independently of the CNS.
ENS
What are the glial cells?
astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.
T or F
Neurons are multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar
T
the support cells of the nervous system.
Glial Cells
receive stimuli and conduct action potentials.
Neurons
consists of: Cell body, Dendrites and Axon
Axons are either unmyelinated or myelinated
Myelin Sheaths
forms the cortex and nuclei in the brain and ganglia in the PNS.
Gray Matter
forms nerve tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS.
White Matter
results from the charge difference
across the membrane of cells.
Resting Membrane Potential
T or F
resting membrane potential is set by leak ion channels and
the sodium-potassium pump.
T
occurs when the charge across the cell
membrane is briefly reversed
Action Potential
Chemically gated and ________________ion channels generate the
action potential.
Voltage Gated
the functional units of the nervous system.
Reflex Arcs
T or F
A simplest reflex arc consists of a sensory receptor, a sensory
neuron, interneurons, a motor neuron, and an effector organ;
the complex reflex arcs do not involve interneurons.
F
Complex yung may INTERNEURONS
Simplest NO INTERNEURON
consists of
nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.
PNS
brain and spinal cord
CNS
has a central gray part organized into horns and a
peripheral white part forming nerve tracts
Spinal Cord
The knee-jerk reflex occurs when the___________
quadriceps femoris muscle
is stretched.
T or F
withdrawal reflex don’t removes a body part from a painful stimulus.
F
it removes the body part
the most
important branch of the cervical plexus.
phrenic nerve
plexus supplies nerves to the upper limb.
Brachial plexus
supplies nerves to the lower limb
lumbosacral plexus
functions include involuntary and voluntary
movements
Somatic Motor
has sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions
autonomic nervous system
Preganglionic cell bodies of the _______________lie in the
thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
Symphathetic NS
three types of neurons
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
three parts of a neuron.
Cell body, Dendrites, Axon
Main Components of NS
Central NS
Peripheral NS
destroy both microbes and cellular debris.
Microglia
is a Phagocytes
different
glial cells.
Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, Shwann Cells, and Oligodendrites
messenger at the synapse
neurotransmitters
two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic
neuron
converging
pathway
the axon from one neuron divides and synapses
with more than one other postsynaptic neuron
diverging pathway
e simplest reflex is the
stretch reflex
AKA patellar reflex
knee-jerk reflex
A reflex arc generally has five basic components:
(1)sensory receptor;
(2) sensory neuron;
(3) in some
reflexes, interneurons,
(4) motor neuron
(5) effector organ
AKA nerve cells
receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons
or effector organs.
Neurons
the nerves to
the diaphragm.
phrenic nerves
T or F
The left phrenic nerve would be cut to paralyze the left side of the diaphragm.
T
basic functional unit of the NS
smallest pathway capable of receiving stimulus yielding response
Reflex arc
basic anatomic unit
neurons
neurons located between 2 communicating neurons
connect spinal motor to sensory neurons
interneurons
translate signals into stimulus
ionic basis of RMP
Na+ is more concentrated inside
T or F?
F- outside yung Na+
inside is K+
rapid changes in the membrane potential that spreads rapidly along the fiber membrane
AP
its function is to send impulse from one cell to another
nerve excitation or nerve impulses
5 stages of AP
resting potential, threshold, rising phase, falling phase, recovery
released in DESCENDING PATHWAY
inhibitory
endorphins
