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Anatomy > nervous system 1.0 > Flashcards

nervous system 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

athering information
* To monitor changes occurring inside and
outside the body (changes = stimuli)

A

Sensory input

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2
Q

processing
* to process and interpret sensory input and
decide if action is needed.

A

Integration

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3
Q

response
* A response to integrated stimuli
* The response activates muscles or glands

A

Motor output

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4
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain
*Spinal cord

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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Nerve fibers that carry information to the
central nervous system

A

sensory (afferent) division

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7
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from
the central nervous system

A

Motor (efferent) division

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8
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

voluntary

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary

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10
Q

Abundant, star-shaped cells
*Brace neurons
* Form barrier
between capillaries
and neurons
* Control the chemical
environment of
the brain (CNS)

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

Spider-like phagocytes
* Disposal of debris

A

Microglia (CNS)

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12
Q

Line cavities of the
brain and spinal cord
* Circulate
cerebrospinal
fluid

A

Ependymal cells
(CNS)

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13
Q

Produce myelin
sheath around
nerve fibers in the
central nervous
system

A

Oligodendrocytes
(CNS)

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14
Q

Protect neuron cell bodies

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral
nervous system

A

Schwann cells

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16
Q

nerve cells
*Cells specialized to transmit messages

A

Neurons

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16
Q

nucleus and metabolic
center of the cell

A

*Cell body

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17
Q

– fibers that extend from
the cell body (dendrites and axons)

A

Processes

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18
Q

conduct
impulses toward
the cell body

A

Dendrites

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19
Q

conduct
impulses away
from the cell
body

A

Axons

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20
Q

gap between adjacent
neurons

A

Synaptic cleft

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21
Q

junction between nerves

A

*Synapse

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22
Q

produce myelin
sheaths in jelly-roll
like fashion

A

Schwann cells

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23
Q

gaps in myelin
sheath along the
axon

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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24
Q
  • Carry impulses from the sensory receptors
    *Cutaneous sense organs
A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

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25
Q

detect stretch or tension

A

*Proprioceptors

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26
Q

*Found in neural pathways in the
central nervous system
*Connect sensory and motor
neurons

A

Interneurons (association
neurons)

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26
Q

many extensions
from the cell body

A

multipolar neurons

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27
Q

Carry impulses from the central nervous
system

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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28
Q

one axon and one
dendrite

A

Bipolar neurons

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28
Q

ability to transmit an
impulse

A

Conductivity

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28
Q

receives
impulses from the body’s sensory
receptors

A

Somatic sensory area

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29
Q

have a short single
process leaving the cell body

A

Unipolar neurons

29
Q

ability to respond to stimuli

A

Irritability

29
Q

a
stimulus depolarizes the
neuron’s membrane

A
  • Depolarization
30
Q

forms
cerebrospinal fluid

A

choroid plexus

30
Q

sends impulses
to skeletal muscles

A

Primary motor area

30
Q

involved in our ability
to speak

A

Broca’s area

30
Q

Sits on top of the brainstem
* Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
* Made of three parts

A

Diencephalon

30
Q

Surrounds the third ventricle
* The relay station for sensory
impulses
* Transfers impulses to the correct
part of the cortex for localization
and interpretation

A

Thalamus

30
Q

Forms the roof of the third ventricle
* Houses the pineal body (an endocrine
gland)
* Includes the choroid plexus – forms
cerebrospinal fluid

A

Epithalamus

30
Q

Under the thalamus
* Important autonomic nervous system
center
*Helps regulate body temperature
*Controls water balance
*Regulates metabolism

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

Houses the pineal body

A

endocrine
gland

31
Q

Attaches to the spinal cord

A

Brain Stem

31
Q

Mostly composed of tracts of
nerve fibers
*Reflex centers for vision and
hearing

A

Midbrain

32
Q

Two hemispheres with convoluted
surfaces
* Provides involuntary coordination of
body movements

A

Cerebellum

32
Q

Medulla Oblongata Contains important control centers such as ?

A
  • Heart rate control
    *Blood pressure regulation
    *Breathing
    *Swallowing
    *Vomiting
32
Q

The bulging center part of the
brain stem
* Mostly composed of fiber tracts
* Includes nuclei involved in the
control of breathing

A

Pons

32
Q

The lowest part of the brain stem
* Merges into the spinal cord
* Includes important fiber tracts
* Contains important control centers

A

Medulla Oblongata

33
Q

it is Similar to blood plasma composition
* Formed by the choroid plexus
* Forms a watery cushion to protect the
brain
* Circulated in arachnoid space,
ventricles, and central canal of the
spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

34
Q

Extends from the
medulla oblongata to
the region of T12

A

Spinal Cord

35
Q

(spinal cord) Below T12 is the?

A

(cauda
equina) the collection of
spinal nerves

35
Q

(Spinal Cord)Enlargements occur in ?

A

cervical and lumbar
regions

36
Q

bundle of neuron fibers

A

Nerve

37
Q

Nerves and ganglia outside the central
nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System

38
Q

Groups of fibers are
bound into fascicles
by?

A

perineurium

38
Q

Neuron fibers are bundled by ?

A

connective tissue

38
Q

both sensory and
motor fibers called?

A

Mixed nerves

38
Q

Fascicles are bound
together by?

A

epineurium

38
Q

Endoneurium
surrounds each?

A

fiber

39
Q

carry
impulses away from the CNS

A

Efferent (motor) nerves

39
Q

carry
impulses toward the CNS

A

Afferent (sensory) nerves

40
Q

Cranial nerves transmit and relay information to
the brain analogous to the spinal nerves, except
they do so by direct connections to the brain
instead of the spinal cord.
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

40
Q

Sensory FOR?

A

sensation

41
Q

Somatic Motor?

A

movement

41
Q

Parasympathetic FOR?

A

regulation

41
Q

There is a pair of spinal nerves at
the level of each vertebrae.
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

42
Q

The involuntary branch of the nervous
system
Consists of only motor nerves

A

Autonomic Nervous System

42
Q

Surface lobes of the cerebrum are called?

A

*Frontal lobe
*Parietal lobe
*Occipital lobe
*Temporal lobe

42
Q

Autonomic Nervous System IS Divided into two divisions are called?

A

*Sympathetic division
*Parasympathetic division

43
Q

(“fight-or-flight”)
* Response to unusual stimulus
*Takes over to increase activities
* Remember as the “E” division = exercise,
excitement, emergency, and
embarrassment

A

Sympathetic

44
Q

(housekeeping activities)
* Conserves energy
* Maintains daily necessary body functions
* Remember as the “D” division - digestion,
defecation, and diuresis

A

Parasympathetic

44
Q

Remember as the “E” division means

A

exercise,
excitement, emergency, and
embarrassment

44
Q

CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

45
Q

Regions of the Brain are?

A
  • Cerebral
    hemispheres
  • Diencephalon
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
45
Q

how chambers within the brain

A

Four

46
Q

Remember as the “D” division means

A

digestion,
defecation, and diuresis

46
Q

Most brain tumors involve the neurons cells,
not the neuroglia cells.
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE (CORRECTION- Most brain tumors involve the neuroglia cells,
not the neurons)

47
Q

The sodium-potassium pump restores
the original configuration
*This action requires_______?

A

ATP

47
Q

sodium ions rush out of the neuron
after Potassium ions rush in, which
repolarizes the membrane

A

FALSE (CORRECTION - Potassium ions rush out of the neuron
after sodium ions rush in, which
repolarizes the membrane)

47
Q

If the action potential (nerve impulse)
starts, it is propagated over the entire
axon.
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

47
Q

Most brain tumors are?

A

gliomas

Anatomy (12 decks)

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