nervous system 1.0 Flashcards by John kyle Villahermosa

athering information
* To monitor changes occurring inside and
outside the body (changes = stimuli)

Sensory input

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

processing
* to process and interpret sensory input and
decide if action is needed.

Integration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

response
* A response to integrated stimuli
* The response activates muscles or glands

Motor output

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Central nervous system (CNS)

Brain
*Spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nerve fibers that carry information to the
central nervous system

sensory (afferent) division

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from
the central nervous system

Motor (efferent) division

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Somatic nervous system

voluntary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Autonomic nervous system

involuntary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abundant, star-shaped cells
*Brace neurons
* Form barrier
between capillaries
and neurons
* Control the chemical
environment of
the brain (CNS)

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spider-like phagocytes
* Disposal of debris

Microglia (CNS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Line cavities of the
brain and spinal cord
* Circulate
cerebrospinal
fluid

Ependymal cells
(CNS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Produce myelin
sheath around
nerve fibers in the
central nervous
system

Oligodendrocytes
(CNS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Protect neuron cell bodies

Satellite cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral
nervous system

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nerve cells
*Cells specialized to transmit messages

Neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nucleus and metabolic
center of the cell

*Cell body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– fibers that extend from
the cell body (dendrites and axons)

Processes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

conduct
impulses toward
the cell body

Dendrites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

conduct
impulses away
from the cell
body

Axons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gap between adjacent
neurons

Synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

junction between nerves

*Synapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

produce myelin
sheaths in jelly-roll
like fashion

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gaps in myelin
sheath along the
axon

Nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

* Carry impulses from the sensory receptors *Cutaneous sense organs

Sensory (afferent) neurons

detect stretch or tension

*Proprioceptors

*Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system *Connect sensory and motor neurons

Interneurons (association neurons)

many extensions from the cell body

multipolar neurons

Carry impulses from the central nervous system

Motor (efferent) neurons

one axon and one dendrite

Bipolar neurons

ability to transmit an impulse

Conductivity

receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors

Somatic sensory area

have a short single process leaving the cell body

Unipolar neurons

ability to respond to stimuli

Irritability

a stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane

* Depolarization

forms cerebrospinal fluid

choroid plexus

sends impulses to skeletal muscles

Primary motor area

involved in our ability to speak

Broca’s area

Sits on top of the brainstem * Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres * Made of three parts

Diencephalon

Surrounds the third ventricle * The relay station for sensory impulses * Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

Thalamus

Forms the roof of the third ventricle * Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland) * Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid

Epithalamus

Under the thalamus * Important autonomic nervous system center *Helps regulate body temperature *Controls water balance *Regulates metabolism

Hypothalamus

Houses the pineal body

endocrine gland

Attaches to the spinal cord

Brain Stem

Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers *Reflex centers for vision and hearing

Midbrain

Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces * Provides involuntary coordination of body movements

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata Contains important control centers such as ?

* Heart rate control *Blood pressure regulation *Breathing *Swallowing *Vomiting

The bulging center part of the brain stem * Mostly composed of fiber tracts * Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

Pons

The lowest part of the brain stem * Merges into the spinal cord * Includes important fiber tracts * Contains important control centers

Medulla Oblongata

it is Similar to blood plasma composition * Formed by the choroid plexus * Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain * Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Extends from the medulla oblongata to the region of T12

Spinal Cord

(spinal cord) Below T12 is the?

(cauda equina) the collection of spinal nerves

(Spinal Cord)Enlargements occur in ?

cervical and lumbar regions

bundle of neuron fibers

Nerve

Nerves and ganglia outside the central nervous system

Peripheral Nervous System

Groups of fibers are bound into fascicles by?

perineurium

Neuron fibers are bundled by ?

connective tissue

both sensory and motor fibers called?

Mixed nerves

Fascicles are bound together by?

epineurium

Endoneurium surrounds each?

fiber

carry impulses away from the CNS

Efferent (motor) nerves

carry impulses toward the CNS

Afferent (sensory) nerves

Cranial nerves transmit and relay information to the brain analogous to the spinal nerves, except they do so by direct connections to the brain instead of the spinal cord. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Sensory FOR?

sensation

Somatic Motor?

movement

Parasympathetic FOR?

regulation

There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

The involuntary branch of the nervous system Consists of only motor nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Surface lobes of the cerebrum are called?

*Frontal lobe *Parietal lobe *Occipital lobe *Temporal lobe

Autonomic Nervous System IS Divided into two divisions are called?

*Sympathetic division *Parasympathetic division

(“fight-or-flight”) * Response to unusual stimulus *Takes over to increase activities * Remember as the “E” division = exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

Sympathetic

(housekeeping activities) * Conserves energy * Maintains daily necessary body functions * Remember as the “D” division - digestion, defecation, and diuresis

Parasympathetic

Remember as the “E” division means

exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

CNS stand for?

Central Nervous System

Regions of the Brain are?

* Cerebral hemispheres * Diencephalon * Brain stem * Cerebellum

how chambers within the brain

Four

Remember as the “D” division means

digestion, defecation, and diuresis

Most brain tumors involve the neurons cells, not the neuroglia cells. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE (CORRECTION- Most brain tumors involve the neuroglia cells, not the neurons)

The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration *This action requires_______?

ATP

sodium ions rush out of the neuron after Potassium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane

FALSE (CORRECTION - Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane)

If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Most brain tumors are?

gliomas