ANATOMY_part3.1

Question 1

Parts of the skeletal system

Answer 1

-Bones (skeleton)
– Joints
– Cartilages
– Ligaments

Question 2

Two subdivisions of the skeleton

Answer 2

– Axial skeleton
– Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

-Support the body
* Protect soft organs
* Allow movement due to attached skeletal
muscles
* Store minerals and fats
* Blood cell formation

Answer 3

Functions of Bones

Question 4

The adult skeleton has?

Answer 4

206 bones

Question 5

Two basic types of bone tissue

Answer 5

Compact bone
Spongy bone

Question 6

Compact bone

Answer 6

Homogeneous

Question 7

– Typically longer than they are wide
– Have a shaft with heads at both ends
– Contain mostly compact bone

Answer 7

Long bones

Question 8

Spongy bone

Answer 8

Small needle-like
pieces of bone
* Many open spaces

Question 9

– Generally cube-shape
– Contain mostly spongy bone

Answer 9

Short bones

Question 10

– Thin, and usually curved
– Two thin layers of compact bone surround a
layer of spongy bone

Answer 10

Flat bones

Question 11

Irregular bones

Answer 11

-_______shape
- Do not fit into other bone classification
categories

Question 12

– Shaft
– Composed of compact bone

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

– Ends of the bone
– Composed mostly of spongy bone

Answer 13

Epiphysis

Question 14

– Outside covering of the diaphysis
– Fibrous connective tissue membrane

Answer 14

Periosteum

Question 15

– Secure periosteum to underlying bone

Answer 15

Sharpey’s fibers

Question 16

– Supply bone cells with nutrients

Answer 16

Arteries

Question 17

– Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
– Made of hyaline cartilage
– Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Answer 17

Articular cartilage

Question 18

– Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young,
growing bone

Answer 18

Epiphyseal plate

Question 19

– Cavity inside of the shaft
– Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
– Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation)
in infants

Answer 19

Medullary cavity

Question 20

– Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
– Seen in adult bones

Answer 20

Epiphyseal line

Question 21

Surface features of bones

Answer 21

Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons,
and ligaments
– Passages for nerves and blood vessels

Question 22

Categories of bone markings

Answer 22

Projections or processes—grow out from the
bone surface
– Depressions or cavities—indentations

Question 22

– A unit of bone containing central canal and
matrix rings

Answer 22

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 23

– Opening in the center of an osteon
– Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 23

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 24

– Canal perpendicular to the central canal
– Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 24

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

Question 25

– Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
– Arranged in concentric rings

Answer 25

Lacunae

Question 25

– Rings around the central canal
– Sites of lacunae

Answer 25

Lamellae

Question 25

– Tiny canals
– Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
– Form a transport system connecting all bone
cells to a nutrient supply

Answer 25

Canaliculi

Question 26

what are the Types of Bone Cells?

Answer 26

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

Question 27

mature bone cells

Answer 27

Osteocytes

Question 28

bone-destroying cells

Answer 28

Osteoclasts

Question 29

bone-forming cells

Answer 29

Osteoblasts

Question 29

a break in the continuity of a
bone

Answer 29

Fracture

Question 30

2 Types of bone fractures

Answer 30

Closed (simple) fracture
Open (compound) fracture

Question 31

broken bone
penetrates through the skin

Answer 31

Open (compound) fracture

Question 32

break that does not
penetrate the skin

Answer 32

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 33

Bones are joined by?

Answer 33

sutures

Question 33

The Axial Skeleton divided into 3 parts are?

Answer 33

– Skull
– Vertebral column
– Bony thorax

Question 34

Repair of Bone Fractures

Answer 34

-Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
* Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a
callus
* Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony
callus
* Bony callus is remodeled to form a
permanent patch

Question 35

Two sets of bones

Answer 35

– Cranium
– Facial bones

Question 36

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the
nasal cavity

Answer 36

Paranasal Sinuses

Question 37

– Lighten the skull
– Give resonance and amplification to voice

Answer 37

Functions of paranasal sinuses

Question 38

• The only bone that does not articulate with
  another bone
• Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
• Aids in swallowing and speech

Answer 38

Hyoid Bone

Question 39

is large compared to the
infant’s total body length

Answer 39

Fetal Skull

Question 40

fibrous membranes
connecting the cranial bones
– Allow the brain to grow
– Convert to bone within 24 months after birth

Answer 40

Fontanels

Question 41

Each vertebrae is given a name according
to its location

Answer 41

Vertebral Column

Question 42

Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite
bones called?

Answer 42

– Sacrum
– Coccyx

Question 45

the spinal curvatures
of the thoracic and sacral regions
* Present from birth

Answer 45

Primary curvatures

Question 46

the spinal
curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions
* Develop after birth

Answer 46

Secondary curvatures

Question 47

Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae

Answer 47

Sacrum

Question 48

Formed from the fusion of three to five
vertebrae
– “Tailbone,” or remnant of a tail that other
vertebrates have

Answer 48

Coccyx

Question 48

Forms a cage to protect major organs
* Consists of three parts

Answer 48

Bony Thorax

Question 49

what are the three parts of Bony Thorax?

Answer 49

– Sternum
– Ribs
– Thoracic vertebrae