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Anatomy > ANATOMY_part2_1 > Flashcards

ANATOMY_part2_1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

A

cell

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2
Q

According to the _________________the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.

A

principle of complementarity

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3
Q

Continuity of life has a __________basis.

A

cellular

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4
Q

what are the four elements that cells composed are?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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5
Q

Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life

A

Cells and Tissues

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6
Q

are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

A

Tissues

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7
Q

What are the three main regions of cell?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Control center of the cell
Contains genetic material (DNA)

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

what are the Three regions of nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope (membrane)
Nucleolus
Chromatin

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9
Q

Barrier of the nucleus
Consists of a double membrane
Contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

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10
Q

contains one or more nucleoli
Sites of ribosome assembly

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

what macromolecular machines migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores?

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

Composed of DNA and protein
Present when the cell is not dividing
Scattered throughout the nucleus
Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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13
Q

Barrier for cell contents
Double phospholipid layer
Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins

A

Plasma Membrane

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14
Q

Hydrophilic

A

head and wants water

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15
Q

Hydrophobic

A

tail and opposite to philic

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16
Q

Impermeable junctions
Bind cells together into leakproof sheets

A

Tight junctions

17
Q

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

A

Desmosomes

18
Q

Allow communication between cells

A

Gap junctions

19
Q

allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

nuclear pores

20
Q

The material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
Site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

21
Q

what are the three major elements of cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions

22
Q

Fluid that suspends other elements

A

Cytosol

23
Q

Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products

A

Inclusions

24
Q

Metabolic machinery of the cell
“Little organs” that perform functions for the cell

A

Organelles

25
Q

Studded with ribosomes
Synthesizes proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

“Powerhouses” of the cell
Change shape continuously
Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
Provides ATP for cellular energy

A

Mitochondria

26
Q

Made of protein and RNA
Sites of protein synthesis
Found at two locations
Free in the cytoplasm
As part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

28
Q

Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

Modifies and packages proteins
Produces different types of packages

A

Golgi apparatus

30
Q

what are the different types of packages that Golgi apparatus produces?

A

Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes

31
Q

Contain enzymes produced by ribosomes
Packaged by the Golgi apparatus
Digest worn-out or nonusable materials within the cell

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde
Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
Replicate by pinching in half

A

Peroxisomes

33
Q

form the blue
network surrounding the pink
nucleus.
that called “Actin subunit”

A

Microfilaments (largest)

33
Q

Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Provides the cell with an internal framework

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

what are the Three different types of elements
of cytoskeleton? in order from largest to smallest.

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

35
Q

form
the purple batlike network.
that called “Intermediate filaments”

A

Intermediate filaments

36
Q

appear as gold
networks surrounding the
cells’ pink nuclei.
that called “Tubulin subunits”

A

Microtubules (smallest)

37
Q

the size of Actin subunit?

A

7 nm

38
Q

the size of Fibrous subunits?

A

10 nm

39
Q

the size of Tubulin subunits?

A

25 nm

Anatomy (12 decks)

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