ANATOMY_part2_2

Question 1

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
*Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during
cell division

Answer 1

Centrioles

Question 2

Not found in all cells

Answer 2

Cellular Projections

Question 3

are tiny, fingerlike extensions of
the plasma membrane
*Increase surface area for absorption

Answer 3

Microvilli

Question 4

Cells that connect body parts

Answer 4

Fibroblasts

Question 5

Cells that cover and line body organs

Answer 5

Epithelial
cells

Question 6

Cells that move organs and body parts

Answer 6

skeletal
muscle cell

Question 7

Cell that stores
nutrients

Answer 7

Fat cell

Question 8

Cell that gathers information and controls body
functions

Answer 8

Nerve cell

Question 9

Cell that fights
disease

Answer 9

white blood cells

Question 10

Cell of reproduction

Answer 10

Sperm cell

Question 11

homogeneous mixture of two or
more components

Answer 11

Solution

Question 12

dissolving medium; typically water
in the body

Answer 12

Solvent

Question 13

components in smaller quantities
within a solution

Answer 13

Solutes

Question 14

nucleoplasm and cytosol

Answer 14

*Intracellular fluid

Question 15

fluid on the exterior of the cell

Answer 15

*Interstitial fluid

Question 16

The plasma membrane allows some materials
to pass while excluding others.
*This permeability influences movement both
into and out of the cell.

Answer 16

Selective Permeability

Question 17

allows some materials
to pass while excluding others.

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

movement of substances
into and out of the cell

Answer 18

Membrane transport

Question 19

are selectively permeable (some
substances can pass through but others cannot)

Answer 19

Cell membranes

Question 20

Two basic methods of transport

Answer 20

Passive processes
Active processes

Question 21

passive processes

Answer 21

*No energy is required

Question 22

Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP)

Answer 22

Active processes

Question 23

Particles tend to distribute themselves
evenly within a solution
*Movement is from high concentration to low
concentration, or down a concentration
gradient

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

An unassisted process
*Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small
enough to pass through membrane pores
EX: fat-soluble
molecules
directly through
the phospholipid
bilayer

Answer 24

Simple diffusion

Question 25

simple diffusion of water *Highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins EX: diffusion of water through a specific channel protein (aquaporin) or through the lipid bilayer

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport *Transports lipid-insoluble and large substances

Answer 26

Facilitated diffusion

Question 27

Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

Filtration

Question 28

Substances are transported that are unable to pass by diffusion *Substances may be too large *Substances may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane *Substances may have to move against a concentration gradient *ATP is used for transport

Answer 28

Active Processes

Question 29

*Amino acids, some sugars, and ions are transported by protein carriers called solute pumps *ATP energizes protein carriers *In most cases, substances are moved against concentration gradients

Answer 29

Active transport (solute pumping)

Question 30

*Moves materials out of the cell *Material is carried in a membranous vesicle *Vesicle migrates to plasma membrane *Vesicle combines with plasma membrane *Material is emptied to the outside

Answer 30

Exocytosis (Vesicular transport)

Question 31

*Extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vescicle

Answer 31

Endocytosis (Vesicular transport)

Question 32

cell eating

Answer 32

Phagocytosis

Question 33

cell drinking

Answer 33

Pinocytosis

Question 34

move materials across the cell surface *Located in the respiratory system to move mucus

Answer 34

Cilia

Question 35

propel the cell *The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

Answer 35

*Flagella