ANATOMY_part2_3 Flashcards
what are the two major periods of the cells?
*Interphase
Cell division
Cell replicates itself
*Function is to produce more cells for
growth and repair processes
Cell division
Cell grows
*Cell carries on metabolic processes
Interphase
Genetic material is duplicated and readies a
cell for division into two cells
*Occurs toward the end of interphase
*DNA uncoils and each side serves as a
template
DNA Replication
division of the nucleus
*Results in the formation of two daughter
nuclei
Mitosis
division of the cytoplasm
*Begins when mitosis is near completion
*Results in the formation of two daughter
cells
Cytokinesis
First part of cell division
*Centrioles migrate to the poles to direct
assembly of mitotic spindle fibers
*DNA appears as double-stranded
chromosomes
*Nuclear envelope breaks down and
disappears
Prophase
Chromosomes are aligned in the center of
the cell on the metaphase plate
Metaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart and toward
the opposite ends of the cell
*Cell begins to elongate
Anaphase
Begins during late anaphase and completes
during telophase
*A cleavage furrow forms to pinch the cells
into two parts
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin
*Nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin
*Spindles break down and disappear
Telophase
DNA segment that carries a blueprint
for building one protein
*Proteins have many functions
*Building materials for cells
*Act as enzymes (biological catalysts)
*RNA is essential for protein synthesis
Gene (Protein Synthesis)
Transfers appropriate amino acids to the
ribosome for building the protein
Transfer RNA
Helps form the ribosomes where proteins
are built
Ribosomal RNA
Carries the instructions for building a protein
from the nucleus to the ribosome
Messenger RNA
