Muscular system part 2

Question 1

Incomplete - Some relaxation occurs between
contractions
The results are summed

Answer 1

Unfused tetanus

Question 1

One contraction is immediately
followed by another

Answer 1

Tetanus

Question 2

No evidence of relaxation before
the following contractions
The result is a sustained muscle
contraction

Answer 2

Fused (complete) tetanus

Question 3

CP supplies are exhausted in

Answer 3

Less than 15 sec

Question 4

Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide
and water, releasing energy (ATP)
 This is a slower reaction that requires
continuous oxygen
 A series of metabolic pathways occur in
the mitochondria

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration

Question 5

Common cause for muscle fatigue is

Answer 5

Oxygen dept

Question 6

Myofilaments are able to slide past each
other during contractions
 The muscle shortens and movement
occurs

Answer 6

Isotonic contractions

Question 7

Tension in the muscles increases
 The muscle is unable to shorten or
produce movement

Answer 7

Isometric contractions

Question 8

Loss of tone/paralysis
 Caused by nerve damage; muscle is no longer
stimulated
 Results in flaccid (soft/flabby) muscle
 Atrophy will begin (waste away)

Answer 8

Homeostatic imbalance:

Question 9

Attachment to a moveable bone

Answer 9

Origin

Question 10

Attachment to an immovable bone

Answer 10

Insertion

Question 11

Decreases the angle of the joint
 Brings two bones closer together
 Typical of hinge joints like knee and elbow

Answer 11

Flexion

Question 12

Opposite of flexion
 Increases angle between two bones

Answer 12

Extension

Question 13

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis
 Common in ball-and-socket joints
 Example is when you move atlas around the
dens of axis (shake your head “no”)

Answer 13

Rotation

Question 14

Movement of a limb away from the midline

Answer 14

Abduction

Question 15

Opposite of abduction
 Movement of a limb toward the midline

Answer 15

Adduction

Question 15

Combination of flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction
 Common in ball-and-socket joints

Answer 15

Circumduction

Question 16

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface
approaches the shin

Answer 16

Plantar flexion
 Depressing the foot (pointing the toes)

Question 17

Turn sole of foot medially

Answer 17

Inversion

Question 23

Turn sole of foot laterally

Answer 23

Eversion

Question 23

Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly

Answer 23

Pronation

Question 23

Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly

Answer 23

Supination

Question 23

muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement

Answer 23

Prime mover

Question 23

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

Answer 23

Antagonist

Question 23

Move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand

Answer 23

Opposition

Question 23

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation

Answer 23

Synergist

Question 24

pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly

Answer 24

Platysma

Question 24

Frontalis—raises eyebrows  Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks  Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips  Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews  Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth

Answer 24

Facial muscles

Question 24

Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible  Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw

Answer 24

Chewing muscles

Question 24

stabilizes the origin of a prime mover

Answer 24

Fixator

Question 25

flexes the neck, rotates the head

Answer 25

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 25

injury of one of a baby’s sternocleidomatoid muscles during difficult birth; may result in spasms

Answer 25

torticollis (wryneck)