Nervous Physiology 3

Question 1

How many motor neurons connect the CNS to an organ in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Which types of tissue if controlled by the motor aspect of the ANS?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle and glandular tissue.

Question 3

First neuron in the motor pathway of the ANS

Answer 3

Found in the lateral grey horn of the spinal cord. Called the preganglionic fiber. Is myelinated and type B.

Question 4

Second neuron in the motor pathway of the ANS

Answer 4

Found in a ganglia. Called the post-ganglionic fiber and travels to the effector. Unmyelinated and type C.

Question 5

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers

Answer 5

Are short because the ganglia are close to the vertebral column.

Question 6

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Answer 6

Are long because the effectors are far away from the ganglia alongside the spinal cord.

Question 7

Divergence

Answer 7

When a single sympathetic neuron may have 10-20 ganglionic neurons. Causes mass activation.

Question 8

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Answer 8

Long because the ganglia is far away from the spinal cord.

Question 9

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 9

Short because the effector is close tot he ganglia.

Question 10

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?

Answer 10

3, 7, 9 and 10

Question 11

SLUDD

Answer 11

Processes encouraged by the parasympathetic nervous system. Salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation.

Question 12

Paradoxical fear response

Answer 12

When escape is deemed impossible, causes fainting, urination and defecation due to vagal discharge on the heart.

Question 13

Cholinergic neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Cause acetylcholine to be released.

Question 14

Adrenergic neurotransmitters

Answer 14

Causes norepinephrine to be released.

Question 15

Neurotransmitter released by all preganglionic fibers of the ANS

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Answer 17

Norepinephrine except for those directed to sweat glands and blood vessels of the skeletal muscle. These release acetylcholine.

Question 18

Autonomic varicosities

Answer 18

Connection between autonomic fibers and target effectors. A swelling of the fiber that forms an extended network.

Question 19

Short reflex

Answer 19

Reflex involving the direct stimulation of a postganglionic fiber by a sensory neuron. Occurs in the digestive system.

Question 20

Long reflex

Answer 20

Reflex involving integration within the CNS.

Question 21

Autonomic tone

Answer 21

The tendency of an organ to be governed by one division of the ANS over the other.

Question 22

Central control over autonomic function comes from where?

Answer 22

The hypothalamus.

Question 23

Amygdala

Answer 23

Group of nuclei in the medial region of the temporal lobe.

Question 24

Function of the amygdala

Answer 24

In a strong emotional response, the amygdala will send information to the hypothalamus through the MFB, producing a sympathetic response.

Question 25

Limbic lobe

Answer 25

Structures around the edge of the cerebrum. Includes the amygdala, hippocampus and cingulate gyrus. Connects to the hypothalamus.

Question 26

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the digestive organs?

Answer 26

The vagus nerve.

Question 27

Pre-vertebral ganglia

Answer 27

Sympathetic ganglia that lie close to the large abdominal arteries and anterior to the vertebral column.

Question 28

Where does the adrenal medulla receive stimulation from?

Answer 28

Sympathetic pregnaglionic fibers

Question 29

From where does the head receive its sympathetic innervation

Answer 29

The superior cervical ganglia.

Question 30

Grey matter consists of what?

Answer 30

Cell bodies and dendrites.

Question 31

White matter consists of what?

Answer 31

Axons and myelin

Question 32

Tract

Answer 32

Bundle of axons within the CNS.

Question 33

Nerve

Answer 33

Bundles of axons within the PNS.

Question 34

Repairs can occur in the PNS so long as what conditions are met?

Answer 34

The cell body is intact, Schwann cells remain active and form a tube and the scar tissue does not form too rapidly.