Nervous Physiology

Question 1

Massage utlizes which types of sensation?

Answer 1

Somatic and proprioceptive

Question 2

Spinal nerves have which types of components?

Answer 2

Motor and sensory

Question 3

Motor function within the brain

Answer 3

Begins in the primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus, then down descending tracts in the anterior horn and lower motor neurons.

Question 3

Information into the brain coems where?

Answer 3

The thalamus, primary sensory cortex or cerebellum.

Question 4

Sensation

Answer 4

The activation of a sensroy receptor cells at the level of the stimulus.

Question 5

Perception

Answer 5

THe central processing of sensory stimuli into a meaningful pattern. Not all sensations are perceived.

Question 6

Events occurring within a sensation

Answer 6

Stimulation of the receptor, transduction, generation of a nerve impulse, integration by the CNS.

Question 7

General snesory receptors

Answer 7

Have no structural specializations in free nerve endings. Include noxious, tickle, itch and temperature.

Question 8

Special sensroy receptors

Answer 8

Have complex structures and include taste, smell, vision and hearing.

Question 9

Functional classifications of special receptors

Answer 9

Are based on the type of stimulus that they transduce.

Question 10

Free nerve endings

Answer 10

Bare dendrites without specialization. Include noxious, temperature, tickle, itch and light touch.

Question 11

Encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 11

Dendrites enclosed in connective tissue. Includes sensory pressure, vibration and deep touch.

Question 12

Phasic receptors

Answer 12

Adapt quickly and are specialized for signalling changes. Includes smell, pressure and touch.

Question 13

Tonic receptors

Answer 13

Continue the nerve impulse as long as the stimulus persists. Includes pain and body position.

Question 14

Somatosensation

Answer 14

A group of sensory modalities that are associated with touch, proprioception and interoception.

Question 15

Thermal receptors

Answer 15

Are free nerve endings in the skin. Cold receptors are in the stratum basale and warm receptors are in the dermis.

Question 16

Proprioception

Answer 16

The sense of position and movement of the body.

Question 17

Kinesthesia

Answer 17

The sense of bodily movement based on sensation in skeletal muscle, tendons, joints and the skin.

Question 18

Which parts of the brain handle proprioception and kinesthesia?

Answer 18

Cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

Question 19

Muscle spindle location

Answer 19

Found in muscle bellies and run parallel to muscle fibers.

Question 20

Nuclear bag fibers

Answer 20

Contain primary annulospiral fibers and are found in phasic receptors. Detect rate of change in the length of a muscle spindle.

Question 21

Nuclear chain fibers

Answer 21

Contain primarily flowerspray fibers and are found in tonic receptors. Detect the length of muscle spindles.

Question 22

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 22

Found at the junction of the muscle and the tendon. Consists of an encapsulated bundle of collagen fibers laced with sensory fibers.

Question 23

Joint kinesthetic receptor types

Answer 23

Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles

Question 24

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 24

Found in the joint capsule and respond to pressure.

Question 25

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 25

Found in the connective tissue around the joint. Responds to acceleration and deceleration of the joint

Question 26

Classification of nerve fibers

Answer 26

Based on fiber diameter and conduction speed. Are named alphabetically and then with greek letters or roman numerals.

Question 27

A alpha or Ia fibers

Answer 27

Motor fibers to skeletal muscle. Includes the annulospiral fibers of muscle spindles.

Question 28

A beta or Ib fibers

Answer 28

Found in Golgi tendon organs and Ruffini corpuscles in the skin

Question 29

A beta or II fibers

Answer 29

Found in flowerspray, Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles

Question 30

A gamma fibers

Answer 30

Motor fibers to muscle spindles

Question 31

A delta fibers

Answer 31

Perceive sharp pain and temperature.

Question 32

Type B or III fibers

Answer 32

Preganglionic autonomic fibers

Question 33

Type C of IV fibers

Answer 33

Unmyelinated fibers

Question 34

First order neuron

Answer 34

Conduct impulses to the brain stem or spinal cord.

Question 35

Second order neuron

Answer 35

Conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the thalamus.

Question 36

Third order neuron

Answer 36

Conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex.

Question 37

Dorsal column system

Answer 37

Information travels up the spinal cord and enters the dorsal root ganglion.

Question 38

Axons from the lower levels are found in which portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 38

The more medial portion.

Question 39

Which sensations use the dorsal column system?

Answer 39

Proprioception, vibration, touch, pressure.

Question 40

Where do the axons of the dorsal column end?

Answer 40

The nuclei of the medulla.

Question 41

Spinothalamic tracts

Answer 41

Run lateral and anterior. The lateral includes noxious stimuli and temperature. The anterior includes tickle, itch and crude touch and temperature.

Question 42

Trigeminal pathway

Answer 42

Deals in information from the somatosensory face, head, mouth and nasal cavity.