Nervous Physiology Flashcards
Massage utlizes which types of sensation?
Somatic and proprioceptive
Spinal nerves have which types of components?
Motor and sensory
Motor function within the brain
Begins in the primary motor cortex in the pre-central gyrus, then down descending tracts in the anterior horn and lower motor neurons.
Information into the brain coems where?
The thalamus, primary sensory cortex or cerebellum.
Sensation
The activation of a sensroy receptor cells at the level of the stimulus.
Perception
THe central processing of sensory stimuli into a meaningful pattern. Not all sensations are perceived.
Events occurring within a sensation
Stimulation of the receptor, transduction, generation of a nerve impulse, integration by the CNS.
General snesory receptors
Have no structural specializations in free nerve endings. Include noxious, tickle, itch and temperature.
Special sensroy receptors
Have complex structures and include taste, smell, vision and hearing.
Functional classifications of special receptors
Are based on the type of stimulus that they transduce.
Free nerve endings
Bare dendrites without specialization. Include noxious, temperature, tickle, itch and light touch.
Encapsulated nerve endings
Dendrites enclosed in connective tissue. Includes sensory pressure, vibration and deep touch.
Phasic receptors
Adapt quickly and are specialized for signalling changes. Includes smell, pressure and touch.
Tonic receptors
Continue the nerve impulse as long as the stimulus persists. Includes pain and body position.
Somatosensation
A group of sensory modalities that are associated with touch, proprioception and interoception.
Thermal receptors
Are free nerve endings in the skin. Cold receptors are in the stratum basale and warm receptors are in the dermis.
Proprioception
The sense of position and movement of the body.
Kinesthesia
The sense of bodily movement based on sensation in skeletal muscle, tendons, joints and the skin.
Which parts of the brain handle proprioception and kinesthesia?
Cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Muscle spindle location
Found in muscle bellies and run parallel to muscle fibers.
Nuclear bag fibers
Contain primary annulospiral fibers and are found in phasic receptors. Detect rate of change in the length of a muscle spindle.
Nuclear chain fibers
Contain primarily flowerspray fibers and are found in tonic receptors. Detect the length of muscle spindles.
Golgi tendon organs
Found at the junction of the muscle and the tendon. Consists of an encapsulated bundle of collagen fibers laced with sensory fibers.
Joint kinesthetic receptor types
Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles
