Nerves and Blood Vessels Flashcards
Spinal nerves are named after
the vertebra they exit from (exception: cervical/neck)
Afferent nerves are contained in
Ganglion
Efferent nerves are contained in
Spinal Cord
Afferent nerves are ___ and they ___
-sensory
-bring information IN to the CNS
Efferent nerves are ___ and they ____
-motor
-bring information OUT of the CNS
Nerves exit through ____ via ____
Adjacent vertebra via Intervertebral Discs
Spinal nerves to each limb forms a
Plexus
Brachial Plexus is located in the
Front limbs
Dorsal branch of nerves goes to
muscle/skin above the vertebrae
Sacral Plexus is located in the
Hind limbs
Ventral branch of nerves
branches laterally to innervate rest of body
Brachial Plexus nerves include (5)
-Suprascapular
-Musculocutaneous
-Radial
-Median
-Ulnar
Suprascapular nerve innervates (2)
-supraspinatus m.
-Infraspinatus m.
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates (2)
-Biceps brachii m.
-Brachialis m.
Radial nerve innervates (7)
-Triceps brachii
-Extensor Carpi Radialis
-Ulnaris Lateralis
-Common Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor
-Supinator
-Abductor Pollicis Longus
Median nerve innervates (4)
-Flexor Carpi Radialis
-Pronator Teres
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
Ulnar nerve innervates (2)
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Deep Digital Flexor
Deep Digital Flexor is innervated by the
Median AND Ulnar nerve
Limb nerves are most often found
on the medial side or deep to the muscles, where they are protected
Which nerve innervates the dorsal muscle mass extensors
Radial
Which nerve innervates the ventral muscle mass
Musculocutaneous
Which nerve innervates the ventral muscle mass on the lateral side
Ulnar
Which nerve innervates the ventral muscle mass flexors
Median
The main stem artery of the forelimb becomes
Axillary artery –> Brachial artery –> Median artery
Which artery feeds from the shoulder to elbow
Brachial Artery
Which artery feeds from the elbow down
Median Artery
Two branches of the Axillary Artery are
-Subscapular
-Thoracodorsal
Veins of forelimb order:
Median vein –> Brachial vein –> Axillary vein
Important vein of the front limb
Cephalic vein
Three main nerves of the hindlimb
-Femoral
-Obturator
-Sciatic
Sciatic nerve branches into
-Peroneal
-Tibial
Femoral nerve innervates (3)
-Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major)
-Sartorius*
-Quadriceps (rectus femoris, lateral vastus, medial vastus, intermediate vastus)
Cranial muscles of the thigh are innervated by the
Femoral Nerve
Medial adductor muscles are innervated by the
Obturator Nerve
Obturator nerve innervates (4)
-Adductor
-Gracilias
-Pectineus*
-External Obturator*
Sciatic nerve innervates (2)
-Internal Obturator
-Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)
Peroneal and Tibial nerves are branches of the
Sciatic nerve
Cranial muscles below the stifle are innervated by the
Peroneal Nerve
The Peroneal Nerve innervates (4)
-Cranial Tibial
-Long Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*
-Peroneous Longus*
Caudal muscles below the stifle are innervated by the
Tibial Nerve
The Tibial nerve innervates (4)
-Gastrocnemius
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
-Popliteus*
The Saphenous nerve is (3)
-on the medial side of the hind limb
-sensory nerve
-a continuation of the Femoral nerve
Dorsal cutaneous nerves of the fore and hindlimb
Forelimb: Radial nerve
Hindlimb: Peroneal nerve
Palmer cutaneous nerves (2)
-Median nerve
-Ulnar nerve
Plantar cutaneous nerve
Tibial nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the hindlimb
Saphenous nerve
Main stem artery of the hindlimb becomes
External Iliac –> Femoral –> Popliteal –> Cranial Tibial
The External Iliac artery (2)
-is an abdominal artery
-leaves abdomen via Femoral Ring and becomes the Femoral Artery
Main branch of the Femoral Artery
Saphenous
Common site for taking pulse of small animals
Femoral Artery
The Femoral Artery: (2)
-starts at the Femoral Ring
-runs along the medial surface of the inner thigh between Sartorius and Pectineus muscles
Which two arteries supply the hind paw
-saphenous
-cranial tibial
The Saphenous Artery has two parts:
-cranial
-caudal
Veins of the hind limb order:
Cranial Tibial –> Popliteal –> Femoral –> External Iliac –> Caudal Vena Cava
